NC Space Grant News Archives Biology, Space and North Carolina - 13 Jan 2012 The North Carolina Space Grant is partnering with the family of Dr. Tom K. Scott to host a symposium to honor Dr. Scott, Professor Emeritus of Biology at UNC-Chapel Hill. You are invited to attend the Biology, Space and North Carolina symposium on Thursday, February 23, 2012 from 3:30-5:30 pm at the Morehead Planetarium and Science Center. The symposium will feature five scientific presentations from faculty at four area universities (Wake Forest, UNC-Chapel Hill, NC State, and East Carolina). A reception will follow. See this PDF for details. Students: NASA Academy applications are available online - 12 Dec 2011 The 2012 NASA Academy Application is online and available at http://www.AcademyApp.com. This application serves multiple NASA academies; details are available at the link. Relevant deadlines: Dec 1 – Application Launched Jan 23 – Application Deadline Jan 21 – Space Grant Review Begins Jan 27 – Space Grant Review Complete Late February – Selections Complete 2012 NASA / Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory application is available - 12 Dec 2011 Since 2004, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) has offered summer projects to students interested in working on NASA missions or space-related research opportunities. Students participating in the NASA/APL Internship Program work at APL, and make critical contributions to current and future missions or grants. The Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a not-for-profit center for engineering, research and development. APL is a division of one of the world's premier research universities, Johns Hopkins. The campus is home to 4,100 men and women who work on more than 400 programs that protect our homeland and advance the nation's vision in research and space science. http://www.jhuapl.edu/ourwork/default.asp or http://civspace.jhuapl.edu/index.php. NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEO) accepting applications - 21 Nov 2011 NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEO) is accepting applications for summer 2012 faculty fellowships. These fellowship opportunities will prepare faculty members to enable their students to complete senior design projects with potential contribution to NASA Exploration objectives. Faculty will work for 6 to 12 weeks at a NASA field center and incorporate an Exploration project into an existing senior design course or capstone course at their university in the 2012-13 academic year. The Exploration project must be selected from the list and application found at the link above. Deadline: Jan 9, 2012, 5:00 pm EST.

Aero/Space News Best Space Photos of the Week - Feb. 4, 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com From a stunning image of our marbled earth to city lights from space, it's been a remarkable week for space photography. Best Space Photos of the Week - Feb. 3, 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com From a stunning image of our marbled earth to city lights from space, it's been a remarkable week for space photography. Global Extinction: Gradual Doom as Bad as Abrupt   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The deadliest mass extinction of all took a long time to kill 90 percent of Earth's marine life--and it killed in stages--according to a newly published report. It shows that mass extinctions need not be sudden events. "Science and Engineering Indicators 2012" Released   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. 'Science and Engineering Indicators 2012' Released NASA Hosts Special Event With Recent Space Station Residents   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Hosts Special Event With Recent Space Station Residents NASA Talk Features Pioneer Researcher and Inventor   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Talk Features Pioneer Researcher and Inventor New USAF X-Plane, the X-56A UAV, Revealed by Aviation Week   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. New USAF X-Plane, the X-56A UAV, Revealed by Aviation Week Photo: Payun Matru Volcanic Field in Argentina As Seen From Orbit   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The Payun Matru Volcanic Field in Argentina is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 30 crew member on the International Space Station. Photo: Progress 45 Cargo Droid Approaches the International Space Station   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The unpiloted ISS Progress 45 supply vehicle departs from the International Space Station at 5:10 p.m. (EST) on Jan. 23, 2012. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 4 February 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 4 February 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except those noted previously or below. Saturday - Crew off duty. Image: Impact crater on Asteroid Vesta with an unusual rim   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. This Dawn FC (framing camera) image shows Caparronia crater, after which Caparronia quadrangle is named. Caparronia crater has an unusually shaped, irregular rim that is sharp and fresh in some areas and more rounded and degraded in others. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 3 February 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 3 February 2012 Chairmen Hall and Palazzo Statements on House Passage of FAA Reauthorization   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Chairmen Hall and Palazzo Statements on House Passage of FAA Reauthorization NASA ARC Notice: Scientific Payload for Multipoint Space Physics Measurements: Nanosat Cubesat   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Notice: Scientific Payload for Multipoint Space Physics Measurements: Nanosat Cubesat NASA Commercial Crew Forum   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will present an updated status of the Commercial Crew Program (CCP) strategy on Tuesday, Feb 7, 2012. The Forum will be held at the Press Site at Kennedy Space Center from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Photo: Southern United States at Night as Seen From the International Space Station   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. This nighttime panorama of much of the land mass of the eastern two-thirds of the contiguous United States was photographed by crew members aboard the International Space Station as it was moving over the Gulf of Mexico on Jan. 29, 2012. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Friday, February 03, 2012   04 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Friday, February 03, 2012 Jupiter-Bound NASA Probe Adjusts Course Toward Giant Planet   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Juno probe is the first solar-powered spacecraft to the outer solar system. Space Rock of Love: Asteroid Eros Attracts Skywatchers in Earth Flyby   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The close pass of the asteroid Eros this week allows astronomy buffs to measure the size of the solar system. Photos of Space Love: The Asteroid Eros Up Close   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com See photos of the asteroid Eros taken by NASA's NEAR space probe in 2000, and other observers. Wanted: Mock Astronauts for Mission to Mars ... in Hawaii   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Scientists will study diet & nutrition for 'astronauts' who spend four months in a mock space capsule. NASA Awash In Astronaut Applications, But Still Lacks Spaceships   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Not since 1978 have so many people wanted to be a NASA astronaut. Oh Eros: Valentine's Day Asteroid Makes NEAR Fly-by   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The 21-mile long 'God of Love' space rock made its closest approach to Earth (15 million miles away) since 1975 on January 31st, 2012. NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR) mission landed on the asteroid on February 12, 2001. Earth From Space: The Secret of NASA's Amazing 'Blue Marble' Photos   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Suomi NPP satellite is snapping amazing views of Earth from space, but there's a secret to the photos. Virgin Galactic's Private Spaceship Ramping Up Toward Passenger Flights   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Powered test flights should occur this summer. Iran Launches Small Earth-Watching Satellite Into Orbit: Report   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Iran launched the satellite 'Promise of Science and Industry' satellite using its own Safir 1-B rocket. Stunning Photo Shows Growing Antarctic Ice Rift   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com This ice plain is breaking up and a new iceberg will be born. Record-Setting Female Astronaut Shannon Lucid Leaving NASA   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Shannon Lucid is a veteran of five spaceflights, logging more than 223 days in space. Star Maps From Mobile App Maker Brings Astronomy to the Masses   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The makers of Starmap are offering users free customizable star maps and other educational tools. Hubble Telescope Spies Milky Way Galaxy's Twin   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com A galaxy similar to our own Milky Way is the subject of Hubble's latest portrait. Hubble Hit: Spiral Galaxy and the Quasars   03 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The space telescope captured an amazing view of spiral galaxy NGC 1073 and three quasars that are right outside its galactic neighborhood. Located in the constellation of Cetus, the galaxy has a bar structure in the center similar to the Milky Way. NASA Receives Second Highest Number of Astronaut Applications   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. More than 6,300 individuals applied to become a NASA astronaut between Nov. 15, 2011 and Jan. 27, the second highest number of applications ever received by the agency. Classic Portrait of a Barred Spiral Galaxy: Hubble Observes NGC 1073   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has taken a picture of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1073, which is found in the constellation of Cetus (The Sea Monster). Photo: Night Time Panorama of the East Coast As Seen From Space   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. This Jan. 29 panorama of much of the East Coast, photographed by one of the Expedition 30 crew members aboard the International Space Station, provides a look generally northeastward: Philadelphia-New York City-Boston corridor (bottom-center). Space Frontier Foundation and NASA Announce $110,000 in NewSpace Business Plan Competition Prizes   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Space Frontier Foundation and NASA Announce $110,000 in NewSpace Business Plan Competition Prizes NASA Announcement: Call for Members of the Science Utilization Team for the SAGE III on ISS Mission   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA is soliciting applications and nominations for members of the Science Utilization Team (SUT) for the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) mission (SAGE3/ISS). NASA Langley Awards Logistics Support Services Contract   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Langley Awards Logistics Support Services Contract Media Invited to see Space Hardware Bound for Japan   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Media Invited to see Space Hardware Bound for Japan Panorama of the East Coast   03 Feb 2012 - NASA Image of the Day This Jan. 29 panorama of much of the East Coast, photographed by one of the Expedition 30 crew members aboard the International Space Station, provides a look generally northeastward: Philadelphia-New York City-Boston corridor (bottom-center); western Lake Ontario shoreline with Toronto (left edge); Montreal (near center). An optical illusion in the photo makes the atmospheric limb and light activity from Aurora Borealis appear 'intertwined.' Image Credit: NASA Report Endorses NASA's Proposed Contribution to Euclid Mission   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Report Endorses NASA's Proposed Contribution to Euclid Mission Stephen Colbert Advocates NASA Space Station Research   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Stephen Colbert, host of the nightly 'The Colbert Report,' said in a new NASA public service announcement released today that he's always been a huge fan of space. Sierra Nevada Corporation Delivers the Dream Chaser First Flight Test Vehicle Structure   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Space Systems announces the completion of a major Dream Chaser(R) milestone under NASA's Commercial Crew Development Round 2 (CCDev2) Program. European training for Russian cosmonauts   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. In the spirit of the international nature of the International Space Station, ESA's Astronaut Training Division not only welcomes European astronauts: four Russian cosmonauts are also working hard at the European Astronaut Centre this month. Google Earth Ocean Terrain Receives Major Update   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Google updated ocean data in its Google Earth application this week, reflecting new bathymetry data assembled by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, NOAA researchers and many other ocean mapping groups from around the world. Sustainable Outer Space Discussed in Vienna   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Sustainable future use of outer space, possible dangers from asteroids, space debris mitigation and disaster management will be key agenda items at the 49th session of COPUOS. NASA Receives Second Highest Number Of Astronaut Applications   03 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News More than 6,300 individuals applied to become a NASA astronaut between Nov. 15, 2011 and Jan. 27, the second highest number of applications ever received by the agency. The Surface of Mars is an Unlikely Place for Life After a 600 Million Year Drought   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Mars may have been arid for more than 600 million years, making it too hostile for any life to survive on the planet's surface Mars Express Reveals Wind-blown Deposits on Mars   03 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. New images from ESA's Mars Express show the Syrtis Major region on Mars. Once thought to be a sea of water, the region is now known to be a volcanic province dating back billions of years. 1st Private Spaceship Flight to Space Station May Slip to April: NASA   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The first test launch of SpaceX's Dragon space capsule to the International Space Station will be no earlier than March 20. Damaged Russian Spaceship Forces Big Launch Delay for Next Station Crew   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The next space station crew will now launch 45 days later than planned due to Russian space capsule damage. Russia's Manned Soyuz Space Capsule Explained (Infographic)   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The workhorse Soyuz spacecraft have been flying for nearly 45 years. Soyuz Rocket's Bumpy Ride - The History   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com What was once a bicycle manufacturer in in the late-19th century evolved into a plane and rocket producer by the mid-20th century. Still a mainstay today, the Soyuz rocket has launched hundreds of humans and satellites since its first flight. Fireball Over Texas Caught By Police Dash Cam   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com A squad car from the Little River-Academy Police Department in Texas captured a fireball lighting up the night sky on its dashboard camera on February 1, 2012. Experiment Investigates How to Fight Fire in Space   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Research on the International Space Station can offer fire-fighting tips for space and Earth. Dizzyingly Fast-Spinning Stars Slow Down by Flying Apart   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Twirling stars called pulsars may blast material out into space to break their spins. On Groundhog Day, the Sun Has Last Word on Winter   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The Earth's position around the sun can tell us how much of winter is left. Europe's Space Program Spurring Job Growth   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com With the new addition, Vega, to the family of rockets coming out of Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana, the need for tech-centric personnel is on the rise. Effectively doubling their yearly launch capability and increasing their value tremendously. Early Universe May Have Abounded With Dark Matter-Powered Stars   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Stars driven by dark matter may not be able to hide much longer. NASA Report: Greenhouse Gases, Not Sun, Driving Warming   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com A quiet sun didn't stop the Earth from absorbing more energy than it released back into space. Newfound Alien Planet is Best Candidate Yet to Support Life, Scientists Say   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The planet is located in the 'sweet spot' of its parent star's habitable zone. Teleoperated Marsupial Mobile Sensor Platform Pair for Telepresence Insertion Into Challenging Structures   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A platform has been developed for two or more vehicles with one or more residing within the other (a marsupial pair). This configuration consists of a large, versatile robot that is carrying a smaller, more specialized autonomous operating robot(s) and/or mobile repeaters for extended transmission. The larger vehicle, which is equipped with a ramp and/or a robotic arm, is used to operate over a more challenging topography than the smaller one(s) that may have a more limited inspection area to traverse.... Cytometer on a Chip   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A cytometer now under development exploits spatial sorting of sampled cells on a microarray chip followed by use of grating-coupled surface-plasmon-resonance imaging (GCSPRI) to detect the sorted cells. This cytometer on a chip is a prototype of contemplated future miniature cytometers that would be suitable for rapidly identifying pathogens and other cells of interest in both field and laboratory applications and that would be attractive as alternatives to conventional flow cytometers. The basic principle of operation of a conventional flow cytometer requires fluorescent labeling of sampled cells, stringent optical alignment of a laser beam with a narrow orifice, and flow of the cells through the orifice, which is subject to clogging.... Local Leak Detection and Health Monitoring of Pressurized Tanks   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An optical gas-detection sensor safely monitors pressurized systems (such as cryogenic tanks) and distribution systems for leaks. This sensor system is a fiber-coupled, solid optical body interferometer that allows for the miniaturized sensing element of the device to be placed in the smallest of recesses, and measures a wide range of gas species and densities (leaks). The deflection of the fringe pattern is detected and recorded to yield the time-varying gas density in the gap.... Optical Communications Link to Airborne Transceiver   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An optical link from Earth to an aircraft demonstrates the ability to establish a link from a ground platform to a transceiver moving overhead. An airplane has a challenging disturbance environment including airframe vibrations and occasional abrupt changes in attitude during flight. These disturbances make it difficult to maintain pointing lock in an optical transceiver in an airplane.... Optical-Path-Difference Linear Mechanism for the Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses a mechanism that uses flex-pivots in a parallelogram arrangement to provide frictionless motion with an unlimited lifetime. A voicecoil actuator drives the parallelogram over the required 5-cm travel. An optical position sensor provides feedback for a servo loop that keeps the velocity within 1 percent of expected value.... Prioritized LT Codes   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The original Luby Transform (LT) coding scheme is extended to account for data transmissions where some information symbols in a message block are more important than others. Prioritized LT codes provide unequal error protection (UEP) of data on an erasure channel by modifying the original LT encoder. The prioritized algorithm improves high-priority data protection without penalizing low-priority data recovery.... Metrology Arrangement for Measuring the Positions of Mirrors of a Submillimeter Telescope   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The position of the secondary mirror of a submillimeter telescope with respect to the primary mirror needs to be known .0.03 mm in three dimensions. At the time of this reporting, no convenient, reasonably priced arrangement that offers this capability exists. The solution proposed here relies on measurement devices developed and deployed for the GeoSAR mission, and later adapted for the ISAT (Innovative Space Based Radar Antenna Technology) demonstration.... On-Wafer S-Parameter Measurements in the 325-508-GHz Band   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: New circuits have been designed and fabricated with operating frequencies over 325 GHz. In order to measure S-parameters of these circuits, an extensive process of wafer dicing and packaging, and waveguide transition design, fabrication, and packaging would be required. This is a costly and time-consuming process before the circuit can be tested in waveguide.... Reconfigurable Microwave Phase Delay Element for Frequency Reference and Phase-Shifter Applications   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A technique was developed to provide a reconfigurable high-precision micro - wave electrical phase delay for resonators and phase shifters. The invention employs multiple branches of transmission lines with open-ended or ground-ended terminations as configurable bits or digits. This technique minimizes the errors due to limited precision of switching devices.... High-Temperature Thermometer Using Cr-Doped GdAlO3 Broadband Luminescence   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new concept has been developed for a high-temperature luminescence-based optical thermometer that both shows the desired temperature sensitivity in the upper temperature range of present state-of-the-art luminescence thermometers (above 1,300 C), while maintaining substantial stronger luminescence signal intensity that will allow these optical thermometers to operate in the presence of the high thermal background radiation typical of industrial applications. This objective is attained by using a Cr-doped GdAlO3 (Cr:GdAlO3) sensor with an orthorhombic perovskite structure, resulting in broadband luminescence that remains strong at high temperature due to the favorable electron energy level spacing of Cr:GdAlO3. The Cr:GdAlO3 temperature (and pressure) sensor can be incorporated into, or applied onto, a component s surface when a non-contact surface temperature measurement is desired, or alternatively, the temperature sensor can be attached to the end of a fiber-optic probe that can then be positioned at the location where the temperature measurement is desired.... Dielectric Covered Planar Antennas at Submillimeter Wavelengths for Terahertz Imaging   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Most optical systems require antennas with directive patterns. This means that the physical area of the antenna will be large in terms of the wavelength. When non-cooled systems are used, the losses of microstrip or coplanar waveguide lines impede the use of standard patch or slot antennas for a large number of elements in a phased array format.... Single-Antenna Temperature- and Humidity-Sounding Microwave Receiver   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: For humidity and temperature sounding of Earth s atmosphere, a single-antenna/LNA (low-noise amplifier) is needed in place of two separate antennas for the two frequency bands. This results in significant mass and power savings for GeoSTAR that is comprised of hundreds of antennas per frequency channel. Furthermore, spatial anti-aliasing would reduce the number of horns.... Reliability of Ceramic Column Grid Array Interconnect Packages Under Extreme Temperatures   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A paper describes advanced ceramic column grid array (CCGA) packaging interconnects technology test objects that were subjected to extreme temperature thermal cycles. CCGA interconnect electronic package printed wiring boards (PWBs) of polyimide were assembled, inspected nondestructively, and, subsequently, subjected to ex - treme-temperature thermal cycling to assess reliability for future deep-space, short- and long-term, extreme-temperature missions. The test hardware consisted of two CCGA717 packages with each package divided into four daisy-chained sections, for a total of eight daisy chains to be monitored.... Radiation-Resistant Hybrid Lotus Effect for Achieving Photoelectrocatalytic Self-Cleaning Anticontamination Coatings   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An experiment involving radiation-resistant hydrophobic coatings is planned for space exposure and experimental testing on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2011. The Lotus biocide coatings are designed for supporting space exploration missions. This innovation is an antibacterial, anti-contamination, and self-cleaning coating that uses nano-sized semiconductor semimetal oxides to neutralize biological pathogens and toxic chemicals, as well as to mitigate dust accumulation (see figure).... MOSFET Switching Circuit Protects Shape Memory Alloy Actuators   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A small-footprint, full surface-mount-component printed circuit board employs MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) power switches to switch high currents from any input power supply from 3 to 30 V. High-force shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators generally require high current (up to 9 A at 28 V) to actuate. SMA wires (the driving element of the actuators) can be quickly overheated if power is not removed at the end of stroke, which can damage the wires. The new analog driver prevents overheating of the SMA wires in an actuator by momentarily removing power when the end limit switch is closed, thereby allowing complex control schemes to be adopted without concern for overheating.... Observability and Estimation of Distributed Space Systems via Local Information-Exchange Networks   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Spacecraft formation flying involves the coordination of states among multiple spacecraft through relative sensing, inter-spacecraft communication, and control. Most existing formation-flying estimation algorithms can only be supported via highly centralized, all-to-all, static relative sensing. New algorithms are proposed that are scalable, modular, and robust to variations in the topology and link characteristics of the formation exchange network.... Ascent Heating Thermal Analysis on Spacecraft Adaptor Fairings   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: When the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) is launched, the spacecraft adaptor (SA) fairings that cover the CEV service module (SM) are exposed to aero heating. Thermal analysis is performed to compute the fairing temperatures and to investigate whether the temperatures are within the material limits for nominal ascent aeroheating case. The ascent heating is analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and engineering codes at Marshall Space Flight Center.... Image Segmentation, Registration, Compression, and Matching   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A novel computational framework was developed of a 2D affine invariant matching exploiting a parameter space. Named as affine invariant parameter space (AIPS), the technique can be applied to many image-processing and computer-vision problems, including image registration, template matching, and object tracking from image sequence. The AIPS is formed by the parameters in an affine combination of a set of feature points in the image plane.... Image Quality Indicator for Infrared Inspections   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The quality of images generated during an infrared thermal inspection depends on many system variables, settings, and parameters to include the focal length setting of the IR camera lens. If any relevant parameter is incorrect or sub-optimal, the resulting IR images will usually exhibit inherent unsharpness and lack of resolution. Traditional reference standards and image quality indicators (IQIs) are made of representative hardware samples and contain representative flaws of concern.... Micro-Slit Collimators for X-Ray/Gamma-Ray Imaging   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A hybrid photochemical-machining process is coupled with precision stack lamination to allow for the fabrication of multiple ultra-high-resolution grids on a single array substrate. In addition, special fixturing and etching techniques have been developed that allow higher-resolution multi-grid collimators to be fabricated. Building on past work of developing a manufacturing technique for fabricating multi-grid, high-resolution coating modulation collimators for arcsecond and subarcsecond x-ray and gamma-ray imaging, the current work reduces the grid pitch by almost a factor of two, down to 22 microns.... Cryogenic-Compatible Winchester Connector Mount and Retaining System for Composite Tubes   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A connector retainer and mounting system has been designed to replace screw-mounting of Winchester connectors. Countersunk screws are normally used to secure connectors to structures, and to keep them from coming apart. These screws are normally put into threaded or through-holes in metallic structures.... Dynamic Loads Generation for Multi-Point Vibration Excitation Problems   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A random-force method has been developed to predict dynamic loads produced by rocket-engine random vibrations for new rocket-engine designs. The method develops random forces at multiple excitation points based on random vibration environments scaled from accelerometer data obtained during hot-fire tests of existing rocket engines. This random-force method applies random forces to the model and creates expected dynamic response in a manner that simulates the way the operating engine applies self-generated random vibration forces (random pressure acting on an area) with the resulting responses that we measure with accelerometers.... Generic, Extensible, Configurable Push-Pull Framework for Large-Scale Science Missions   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The push-pull framework was developed in hopes that an infrastructure would be created that could literally connect to any given remote site, and (given a set of restrictions) download files from that remote site based on those restrictions. The Cataloging and Archiving Service (CAS) has recently been re-architected and re-factored in its canonical services, including file management, workflow management, and resource management. Additionally, a generic CAS Crawling Framework was built based on motivation from Apache s open-source search engine project called Nutch.... Planar Rotary Piezoelectric Motor Using Ultrasonic Horns   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A motor involves a simple design that can be embedded into a plate structure by incorporating ultrasonic horn actuators into the plate. The piezoelectric material that is integrated into the horns is pre-stressed with flexures. Piezoelectric actuators are attractive for their ability to generate precision high strokes, torques, and forces while operating under relatively harsh conditions (temperatures at single-digit K to as high as 1,273 K).... Surface Contact Model for Comets and Asteroids   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A contact force model was developed for use in touch and go (TAG) surface sampling simulations on small celestial bodies such as comets and asteroids. In TAG scenarios, a spacecraft descending toward the surface of a small body comes into contact with the surface for a short duration of time, collects material samples with a sampler device, and then ascends to leave the surface. The surface contact required 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) dynamics models due to coupling of the attitude and translation dynamics during the contact.... Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensors for Environmental Monitoring   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An ambient temperature oxygen microsensor, based on a Nafion polymer electrolyte, has been developed and was microfabricated using thin-film technologies. A challenge in the operation of Nafion-based sensor systems is that the conductivity of Nafion film depends on the humidity in the film. Nafion film loses conductivity when the moisture content in the film is too low, which can affect sensor operation.... NASA Tech Brief, May 2011   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Topics covered include: 1) Method to Estimate the Dissolved Air Content in Hydraulic Fluid; 2) Method for Measuring Collimator-Pointing Sensitivity to Temperature Changes; 3) High-Temperature Thermometer Using Cr-Doped GdAlO3 Broadband Luminescence; 4)Metrology Arrangement for Measuring the Positions of Mirrors of a Submillimeter Telescope; 5) On-Wafer S-Parameter Measurements in the 325-508-GHz Band; 6) Reconfigurable Microwave Phase Delay Element for Frequency Reference and Phase-Shifter Applications; 7) High-Speed Isolation Board for Flight Hardware Testing; 8) High-Throughput, Adaptive FFT Architecture for FPGA-Based Spaceborne Data Processors; 9) 3D Orbit Visualization for Earth-Observing Missions; 10) MaROS: Web Visualization of Mars Orbiting and Landed Assets; 11) RAPID: Collaborative Commanding and Monitoring of Lunar Assets; 12) Image Segmentation, Registration, Compression, and Matching; 13) Image Calibration; 14) Rapid ISS Power Availability Simulator; 15) A Method of Strengthening Composite/Metal Joints; 16) Pre-Finishing of SiC for Optical Applications; 17) Optimization of Indium Bump Morphology for Improved Flip Chip Devices; 18) Measuring Moisture Levels in Graphite Epoxy Composite Sandwich Structures; 19) Marshall Convergent Spray Formulation Improvement for High Temperatures; 20) Real-Time Deposition Monitor for Ultrathin Conductive Films; 21) Optimized Li-Ion Electrolytes Containing Triphenyl Phosphate as a Flame-Retardant Additive; 22) Radiation-Resistant Hybrid Lotus Effect for Achieving Photoelectrocatalytic Self-Cleaning Anticontamination Coatings; 23) Improved, Low-Stress Economical Submerged Pipeline; 24) Optical Fiber Array Assemblies for Space Flight on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; 25) Local Leak Detection and Health Monitoring of Pressurized Tanks; 26) Dielectric Covered Planar Antennas at Submillimeter Wavelengths for Terahertz Imaging; 27) Automated Cryocooler Monitor and Control System; 28) Broadband Achromatic Phase Shifter for a Nulling Interferometer; 29) Super Dwarf Wheat for Growth in Confined Spaces; 30) Fine Guidance Sensing for Coronagraphic Observatories; 31) Single-Antenna Temperature- and Humidity-Sounding Microwave Receiver; 32) Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Beam, and Polarization-Sensitive Laser Transmitter for Surface Mapping; 33) Optical Communications Link to Airborne Transceiver; 34) Ascent Heating Thermal Analysis on Spacecraft Adaptor Fairings; 35) Entanglement in Self-Supervised Dynamics; 36) Prioritized LT Codes; 37) Fast Image Texture Classification Using Decision Trees; 38) Constraint Embedding Technique for Multibody System Dynamics; 39) Improved Systematic Pointing Error Model for the DSN Antennas; 40) Observability and Estimation of Distributed Space Systems via Local Information-Exchange Networks; 41) More-Accurate Model of Flows in Rocket Injectors; 42) In-Orbit Instrument-Pointing Calibration Using the Moon as a Target; 43) Reliability of Ceramic Column Grid Array Interconnect Packages Under Extreme Temperatures; 44) Six Degrees-of-Freedom Ascent Control for Small-Body Touch and Go; and 45) Optical-Path-Difference Linear Mechanism for the Panchromatic Fourier Transform Spectrometer.... Collaborative Clustering for Sensor Networks   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Traditionally, nodes in a sensor network simply collect data and then pass it on to a centralized node that archives, distributes, and possibly analyzes the data. However, analysis at the individual nodes could enable faster detection of anomalies or other interesting events, as well as faster responses such as sending out alerts or increasing the data collection rate. There is an additional opportunity for increased performance if individual nodes can communicate directly with their neighbors.... Optical Coating Performance for Heat Reflectors of the JWST-ISIM Electronic Component   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses a thermal radiator design consisting of lightweight composite materials and low-emittance metal coatings for use on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) structure. The structure will have a Thermal Subsystem unit to provide passive cooling to the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) control electronics. The ISIM, in the JWST observatory, is the platform that provides the mounting surfaces for the instrument control electronics.... SpaceCube Demonstration Platform   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses how the HST SM4 SpaceCube flight spare was modified to create an experiment called the Space- Cube Demonstration Platform (SC DP) for use on the MISSE7 Space Station payload (in collaboration with NRL). It is designed to serve as an on-orbit platform for demonstrating advanced fault tolerance technologies. A simple C&DH (command and data handling) system was developed for the Virtex4 FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays).... Aperture Mask for Unambiguous Parity Determination in Long Wavelength Imagers   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses a new parity pupil mask design that allows users to unambiguously determine the image space coordinate system of all the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) science instruments by using two out-of-focus images. This is an improvement over existing mask designs that could not completely eliminate the coordinate system parity ambiguity at a wavelength of 5.6 microns. To mitigate the problem of how the presence of diffraction artifacts can obscure the pupil mask detail, this innovation has been created with specifically designed edge features so that the image space coordinate system parity can be determined in the presence of diffraction, even at long wavelengths.... High-Efficiency Ka-Band Waveguide Two-Way Asymmetric Power Combiner   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA is planning a number of Space Exploration, Earth Observation and Space Science missions where Ka-band solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) could have a role. Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based SSPAs with output powers on the order of 10 W at Ka-band frequencies would be adequate to satisfy the data transmission rate requirements at the distances involved. MMICs are a type of integrated circuit fabricated on a GaAs wafer, which operates at micro wave frequencies and performs the function of signal amplification.... NASA Tech Briefs, July 2011   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Topics covered include: 1) Collaborative Clustering for Sensor Networks; 2) Teleoperated Marsupial Mobile Sensor Platform Pair for Telepresence Insertion Into Challenging Structures; 3) Automated Verification of Spatial Resolution in Remotely Sensed Imagery; 4) Electrical Connector Mechanical Seating Sensor; 5) In Situ Aerosol Detector; 6) Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor; 7) MOSFET Switching Circuit Protects Shape Memory Alloy Actuators; 8) Optimized FPGA Implementation of Multi-Rate FIR Filters Through Thread Decomposition; 9) Circuit for Communication Over Power Lines; 10) High-Efficiency Ka-Band Waveguide Two-Way Asymmetric Power Combiner; 11) 10-100 Gbps Offload NIC for WAN, NLR, and Grid Computing; 12) Pulsed Laser System to Simulate Effects of Cosmic Rays in Semiconductor Devices; 13) Flight Planning in the Cloud; 14) MPS Editor; 15) Object-Oriented Multi Disciplinary Design, Analysis, and Optimization Tool; 16) Cryogenic-Compatible Winchester Connector Mount and Retaining System for Composite Tubes; 17) Development of Position-Sensitive Magnetic Calorimeters for X-Ray Astronomy; 18) Planar Rotary Piezoelectric Motor Using Ultrasonic Horns; 19) Self-Rupturing Hermetic Valve; 20) Explosive Bolt Dual-Initiated from One Side; 21) Dampers for Stationary Labyrinth Seals; 22) Two-Arm Flexible Thermal Strap; 23) Carbon Dioxide Removal via Passive Thermal Approaches; 24) Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensors for Environmental Monitoring; 25) Pressure Shell Approach to Integrated Environmental Protection; 26) Image Quality Indicator for Infrared Inspections; 27) Micro-Slit Collimators for X-Ray/Gamma-Ray Imaging; 28) Scatterometer-Calibrated Stability Verification Method; 29) Test Port for Fiber-Optic-Coupled Laser Altimeter; 30) Phase Retrieval System for Assessing Diamond Turning and Optical Surface Defects; 31) Laser Oscillator Incorporating a Wedged Polarization Rotator and a Porro Prism as Cavity Mirror; 32) Generic, Extensible, Configurable Push-Pull Framework for Large-Scale Science Missions; 33) Dynamic Loads Generation for Multi-Point Vibration Excitation Problems; 34) Optimal Control via Self-Generated Stochasticity; 35) Space-Time Localization of Plasma Turbulence Using Multiple Spacecraft Radio Links; 36) Surface Contact Model for Comets and Asteroids; 37) Dust Mitigation Vehicle; 38) Optical Coating Performance for Heat Reflectors of the JWST-ISIM Electronic Component; 39) SpaceCube Demonstration Platform; 40) Aperture Mask for Unambiguous Parity Determination in Long Wavelength Imagers; 41) Spaceflight Ka-Band High-Rate Radiation-Hard Modulator; 42) Enabling Disabled Persons to Gain Access to Digital Media; 43) Cytometer on a Chip; 44) Principles, Techniques, and Applications of Tissue Microfluidics; and 45) Two-Stage Winch for Kites and Tethered Balloons or Blimps.... Optimized FPGA Implementation of Multi-Rate FIR Filters Through Thread Decomposition   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Multi-rate finite impulse response (MRFIR) filters are among the essential signal-processing components in spaceborne instruments where finite impulse response filters are often used to minimize nonlinear group delay and finite precision effects. Cascaded (multistage) designs of MRFIR filters are further used for large rate change ratio in order to lower the required throughput, while simultaneously achieving comparable or better performance than single-stage designs. Traditional representation and implementation of MRFIR employ polyphase decomposition of the original filter structure, whose main purpose is to compute only the needed output at the lowest possible sampling rate.... Pressure Shell Approach to Integrated Environmental Protection   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The next generation of exploration mission human systems will require environmental protection such as radiation protection that is effective and efficient. In order to continue human exploration, habitat systems will require special shells to protect astronauts from hostile environments. The Pressure Shell Approach to integrated environmental (radiation) protection is a multi-layer shell that can be used for multifunctional environmental protection.... Principles, Techniques, and Applications of Tissue Microfluidics   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The principle of tissue microfluidics and its resultant techniques has been applied to cell analysis. Building microfluidics to suit a particular tissue sample would allow the rapid, reliable, inexpensive, highly parallelized, selective extraction of chosen regions of tissue for purposes of further biochemical analysis. Furthermore, the applicability of the techniques ranges beyond the described pathology application.... Development of Position-Sensitive Magnetic Calorimeters for X-Ray Astronomy   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMC) are one of the most promising devices to provide very high energy resolution needed for future astronomical x-ray spectroscopy. MMC detectors can be built to large detector arrays having thousands of pixels. Position-sensitive magnetic (PoSM) microcalorimeters consist of multiple absorbers thermally coupled to one magnetic micro calorimeter.... Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Beam, and Polarization-Sensitive Laser Transmitter for Surface Mapping   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A multi-beam, multi-color, polarized laser transmitter has been developed for mapping applications. It uses commercial off-the-shelf components for a lowcost approach for a ruggedized laser suitable for field deployment. The laser transmitter design is capable of delivering dual wavelengths, multiple beams on each wavelength with equal (or variable) intensities per beam, and a welldefined state of polarization.... Rapid ISS Power Availability Simulator   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The ISS (International Space Station) Power Resource Officers (PROs) needed a tool to automate the calculation of thousands of ISS power availability simulations used to generate power constraint matrices. Each matrix contains 864 cells, and each cell represents a single power simulation that must be run. The tools available to the flight controllers were very operator intensive and not conducive to rapidly running the thousands of simulations necessary to generate the power constraint data.... A Method of Strengthening Composite/Metal Joints   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The term tape setback method denotes a method of designing and fabricating bonded joints between (1) box beams or other structural members made of laminated composite (matrix/ fiber) materials and (2) metal end fittings used to fasten these structural members to other structural members. The basic idea of the tape setback method is to mask the bonded interface between the metallic end fitting and composite member such that the bond does not extend out to the free edges of the composite member. The purpose served by the tape setback method is to strengthen the joints by decoupling stress concentrations from edge defects, which can cause premature failures.... Method to Estimate the Dissolved Air Content in Hydraulic Fluid   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: In order to verify the air content in hydraulic fluid, an instrument was needed to measure the dissolved air content before the fluid was loaded into the system. The instrument also needed to measure the dissolved air content in situ and in real time during the de-aeration process. The current methods used to measure the dissolved air content require the fluid to be drawn from the hydraulic system, and additional offline laboratory processing time is involved.... Horizontal Launch: A Versatile Concept for Assured Space Access   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The vision of horizontal launch is the capability to provide a mobile launch pad that can use existing aircraft runways, cruise above weather, loiter for mission instructions, and achieve precise placement for orbital intercept, rendezvous, or reconnaissance. Another compelling benefit of horizontal launch is that today s ground-based vertical launch pads are a single earthquake, hurricane, or terrorist attack away from disruption of critical U.S. launch capabilities. The study did not attempt to design a new system concept for horizontal launch, but rather focused on the refinement of many previously-studied horizontal launch concepts.... Magnetic Helicity and Planetary Dynamos   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A model planetary dynamo based on the Boussinesq approximation along with homogeneous boundary conditions is considered. A statistical theory describing a large-scale MHD dynamo is found, in which magnetic helicity is the critical parameter... A Small Fission Power System for NASA Planetary Science Missions   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: In March 2010, the Decadal Survey Giant Planets Panel (GPP) requested a short-turnaround study to evaluate the feasibility of a small Fission Power System (FPS) for future unspecified National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) science missions. FPS technology was considered a potential option for power levels that might not be achievable with radioisotope power systems. A study plan was generated and a joint NASA and Department of Energy (DOE) study team was formed.... High-Throughput, Adaptive FFT Architecture for FPGA-Based Spaceborne Data Processors   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Exponential growth in microelectronics technology such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has enabled high-performance spaceborne instruments with increasing onboard data processing capabilities. As a commonly used digital signal processing (DSP) building block, fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been of great interest in onboard data processing applications, which needs to strike a reasonable balance between high-performance (throughput, block size, etc.) and low resource usage (power, silicon footprint, etc.). It is also desirable to be designed so that a single design can be reused and adapted into instruments with different requirements.... Circuit for Communication Over Power Lines   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Many distributed systems share common sensors and instruments along with a common power line supplying current to the system. A communication technique and circuit has been developed that allows for the simple inclusion of an instrument, sensor, or actuator node within any system containing a common power bus. Wherever power is available, a node can be added, which can then draw power for itself, its associated sensors, and actuators from the power bus all while communicating with other nodes on the power bus.... Fast Image Texture Classification Using Decision Trees   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Texture analysis would permit improved autonomous, onboard science data interpretation for adaptive navigation, sampling, and downlink decisions. These analyses would assist with terrain analysis and instrument placement in both macroscopic and microscopic image data products. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art texture analysis demands computationally expensive convolutions of filters involving many floating-point operations.... Constraint Embedding Technique for Multibody System Dynamics   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Multibody dynamics play a critical role in simulation testbeds for space missions. There has been a considerable interest in the development of efficient computational algorithms for solving the dynamics of multibody systems. Mass matrix factorization and inversion techniques and the O(N) class of forward dynamics algorithms developed using a spatial operator algebra stand out as important breakthrough on this front.... Pre-Finishing of SiC for Optical Applications   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: 13 Manufacturing & Prototyping A method is based on two unique processing steps that are both based on deterministic machining processes using a single-point diamond turning (SPDT) machine. In the first step, a high-MRR (material removal rate) process is used to machine the part within several microns of the final geometry. In the second step, a low-MRR process is used to machine the part to near optical quality using a novel ductile regime machining (DRM) process.... Automated Cryocooler Monitor and Control System   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A system was designed to automate cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifier systems used in the NASA Deep Space Network. It automates the entire operation of the system including cool-down, warm-up, and performance monitoring. The system is based on a single-board computer with custom software and hardware to monitor and control the cryogenic operation of the system.... Marshall Convergent Spray Formulation Improvement for High Temperatures   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Marshall Convergent Coating-1 (MCC-1) formulation was produced in the 1990s, and uses a standard bisphenol A epoxy resin system with a triamine accelerator. With the increasing heat rates forecast for the next generation of vehicles, higher-temperature sprayable coatings are needed. This work substitutes the low-temperature epoxy resins used in the MCC-1 coating with epoxy phenolic, epoxy novalac, or resorcinolinic resins (higher carbon content), which will produce a higher char yield upon exposure to high heat and increased glass transition temperature.... The Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Composite Heat Exchange Coupons   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Several heat exchanger (HX) test panels were designed, fabricated and tested at the NASA Glenn Research Center to explore the fabrication and performance of several designs for composite heat exchangers. The development of these light weight, high efficiency air-liquid test panels was attempted using polymer composites and carbon foam materials. The fundamental goal of this effort was to demonstrate the feasibility of the composite HX for various space exploration and thermal management applications including Orion CEV and Altair.... Self-Rupturing Hermetic Valve   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: For commercial, military, and aerospace applications, low-cost, small, reliable, and lightweight gas and liquid hermetically sealed valves with post initiation on/off capability are highly desirable for pressurized systems. Applications include remote fire suppression, single-use system-pressurization systems, spacecraft propellant systems, and in situ instruments. Current pyrotechnic- activated rupture disk hermetic valves were designed for physically larger systems and are heavy and integrate poorly with portable equipment, aircraft, and small spacecraft and instrument systems.... Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This work relates to the development of sensors that measure specific aerosol properties. These properties are in the form of integrated moment distributions, i.e., total surface area, total mass, etc., or mathematical combinations of these moment distributions. Specifically, the innovation involves two fundamental features: a computational tool to design and optimize such sensors and the embodiment of these sensors in actual practice.... Fine Guidance Sensing for Coronagraphic Observatories   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Three options have been developed for Fine Guidance Sensing (FGS) for coronagraphic observatories using a Fine Guidance Camera within a coronagraphic instrument. Coronagraphic observatories require very fine precision pointing in order to image faint objects at very small distances from a target star. The Fine Guidance Camera measures the direction to the target star.... 3D Orbit Visualization for Earth-Observing Missions   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This software visualizes orbit paths for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), but was designed to be general and applicable to any Earth-observing mission. The software uses the Google Earth user interface to provide a visual mechanism to explore spacecraft orbit paths, ground footprint locations, and local cloud cover conditions. In addition, a drill-down capability allows for users to point and click on a particular observation frame to pop up ancillary information such as data product filenames and directory paths, latitude, longitude, time stamp, column-average dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide, and solar zenith angle.... Measuring Moisture Levels in Graphite Epoxy Composite Sandwich Structures   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Graphite epoxy composite (GEC) materials are used in the construction of rocket fairings, nose cones, interstage adapters, and heat shields due to their high strength and light weight. However, they absorb moisture depending on the environmental conditions they are exposed to prior to launch. Too much moisture absorption can become a problem when temperature and pressure changes experienced during launch cause the water to vaporize.... MaROS: Web Visualization of Mars Orbiting and Landed Assets   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Mars Relay operations currently involve several e-mails and phone calls between lander and orbiter teams in order to settle on an agreed time for performing a communication pass between the landed asset (i.e. rover or lander) and orbiter, then back to Earth. This new application aims to reduce this complexity by presenting a visualization of the overpass time ranges and elevation angle, as well as other information. The user is able to select a specific overflight opportunity to receive further information about that particular pass.... Real-Time Deposition Monitor for Ultrathin Conductive Films   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A device has been developed that can be used for the real-time monitoring of ultrathin (2 or more) conductive films. The device responds in less than two microseconds, and can be used to monitor film depositions up to about 60 thick. Actual thickness monitoring capability will vary based on properties of the film being deposited.... Kinetic Monte Carlo Investigation of the Effects of Vacancy Pairing on Oxygen Diffusivity in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Yttria-stabilized zirconia s high oxygen diffusivity and corresponding high ionic conductivity, and its structural stability over a broad range of temperatures, have made the material of interest for use in a number of applications, for example, as solid electrolytes in fuel cells. At low concentrations, the stabilizing yttria also serves to increase the oxygen diffusivity through the presence of corresponding oxygen vacancies, needed to maintain charge neutrality. At higher yttria concentration, however, diffusivity is impeded by the larger number of relatively high energy migration barriers associated with yttrium cations.... Optimized Li-Ion Electrolytes Containing Triphenyl Phosphate as a Flame-Retardant Additive   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A number of future NASA missions involving the exploration of the Moon and Mars will be human-rated and thus require high-specific-energy rechargeable batteries that possess enhanced safety characteristics. Given that Li-ion technology is the most viable rechargeable energy storage device for near-term applications, effort has been devoted to improving the safety characteristics of this system. There is also a strong desire to develop Li-ion batteries with improved safety characteristics for terrestrial applications, most notably for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) automotive applications.... More-Accurate Model of Flows in Rocket Injectors   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An improved computational model for simulating flows in liquid-propellant injectors in rocket engines has been developed. Models like this one are needed for predicting fluxes of heat in, and performances of, the engines. An important part of predicting performance is predicting fluctuations of temperature, fluctuations of concentrations of chemical species, and effects of turbulence on diffusion of heat and chemical species.... Carbon Dioxide Removal via Passive Thermal Approaches   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A paper describes a regenerable approach to separate carbon dioxide from other cabin gases by means of cooling until the carbon dioxide forms carbon dioxide ice on the walls of the physical device. Currently, NASA space vehicles remove carbon dioxide by reaction with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) or by adsorption to an amine, a zeolite, or other sorbent. Use of lithium hydroxide, though reliable and well-understood, requires significant mass for all but the shortest missions in the form of lithium hydroxide pellets, because the reaction of carbon dioxide with lithium hydroxide is essentially irreversible.... A Novel Automated Method for Analyzing Cylindrical Computed Tomography Data   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A novel software method is presented that is applicable for analyzing cylindrical and partially cylindrical objects inspected using computed tomography. This method involves unwrapping and re-slicing data so that the CT data from the cylindrical object can be viewed as a series of 2-D sheets in the vertical direction in addition to volume rendering and normal plane views provided by traditional CT software. The method is based on interior and exterior surface edge detection and under proper conditions, is FULLY AUTOMATED and requires no input from the user except the correct voxel dimension from the CT scan.... Preliminary Thermal Characterization of a Fully-Passive Wireless Backscattering Neuro-Recording Microsystem   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: We present analytical and experimental thermal characteristics of a battery-less, fully-passive wireless backscattering microsystem for recording of neuropotentials. A major challenge for cortically implantable microsystems involves minimizing the heat dissipated by on-chip circuitry, which can lead to permanent brain damage. Therefore, knowledge of temperature changes induced by implantable microsystems while in operation is of utmost importance.... Performance of a 100V Half-Bridge MOSFET Driver, Type MIC4103, Over a Wide Temperature Range   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The operation of a high frequency, high voltage MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors) driver was investigated over a wide temperature regime that extended beyond its specified range. The Micrel MIC4103 is a 100V, non-inverting, dual driver that is designed to independently drive both high-side and low-side N-channel MOSFETs. It features fast propagation delay times and can drive 1000 pF load with 10ns rise times and 6 ns fall times [1].... Optimal Control via Self-Generated Stochasticity   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The problem of global maxima of functionals has been examined. Mathematical roots of local maxima are the same as those for a much simpler problem of finding global maximum of a multi-dimensional function. The second problem is instability even if an optimal trajectory is found, there is no guarantee that it is stable.... Dust Mitigation Vehicle   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document describes the development and demonstration of an apparatus, called a dust mitigation vehicle, for reducing the amount of free dust on the surface of the Moon. The dust mitigation vehicle would be used to pave surfaces on the Moon to prevent the dust from levitating or adhering to surfaces. The basic principle of operation of these apparatuses is to use a lens or a dish mirror to concentrate solar thermal radiation onto a small spot to heat lunar regolith.... Effect of Graphene Addition on Shape Memory Behavior of Epoxy Resins   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and composites are a special class of smart materials known for their ability to change size and shape upon exposure to an external stimulus (e.g. light, heat, pH, or magnetic field). These materials are commonly used for biomedical applications; however, recent attempts have been made towards developing SMPs and composites for use in aircraft and space applications. Implementing SMPs and composites to create a shape change effect in some aircraft structures could potentially reduce drag, decrease fuel consumption, and improve engine performance.... Lateral Growth Expansion of 4H/6H-SiC m-plane Pseudo Fiber Crystals by Hot Wall CVD Epitaxy   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Lateral expansion of small mixed polytype 4H/6H-SiC slivers were realized by hot wall chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Small slivers cut from m-oriented ..11..00.. SiC boule slices containing regions of 4H and 6H SiC were exposed to HWCVD conditions using standard silane/propane chemistry for a period of up to eight hours.... Flight Planning in the Cloud   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This new interface will enable Principal Investigators (PIs), as well as UAVSAR (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar) members to do their own flight planning and time estimation without having to request flight lines through the science coordinator. It uses an all-in-one Google Maps interface, a JPL hosted database, and PI flight requirements to design an airborne flight plan. The application will enable users to see their own flight plan being constructed interactively through a map interface, and then the flight planning software will generate all the files necessary for the flight.... Space-Time Localization of Plasma Turbulence Using Multiple Spacecraft Radio Links   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Space weather is described as the variability of solar wind plasma that can disturb satellites and systems and affect human space exploration. Accurate prediction requires information of the heliosphere inside the orbit of the Earth. However, for predictions using remote sensing, one needs not only plane-of-sky position but also range information the third spatial dimension to show the distance to the plasma disturbances and thus when they might propagate or co-rotate to create disturbances at the orbit of the Earth.... In Situ Aerosol Detector   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An affordable technology designed to facilitate extensive global atmospheric aerosol measurements has been developed. This lightweight instrument is compatible with newly developed platforms such as tethered balloons, blimps, kites, and even disposable instruments such as dropsondes. This technology is based on detection of light scattered by aerosol particles where an optical layout is used to enhance the performance of the laboratory prototype instrument, which allows detection of smaller aerosol particles and improves the accuracy of aerosol particle size measurement.... MPS Editor   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Previously, it was time-consuming to hand-edit data and then set up simulation runs to find the effect and impact of the input data on a spacecraft. MPS Editor provides the user the capability to create/edit/update models and sequences, and immediately try them out using what appears to the user as one piece of software. MPS Editor provides an integrated sequencing environment for users.... Two-Stage Winch for Kites and Tethered Balloons or Blimps   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A winch system provides a method for launch and recovery capabilities for kites and tethered blimps or balloons. Low power consumption is a key objective, as well as low weight for portability. This is accomplished by decoupling the tether-line storage and wind ing/ unwinding functions, and providing tailored and efficient mechanisms for each.... Object-Oriented Multi-Disciplinary Design, Analysis, and Optimization Tool   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An Object-Oriented Optimization (O3) tool was developed that leverages existing tools and practices, and allows the easy integration and adoption of new state-of-the-art software. At the heart of the O3 tool is the Central Executive Module (CEM), which can integrate disparate software packages in a cross platform network environment so as to quickly perform optimization and design tasks in a cohesive, streamlined manner. This object-oriented framework can integrate the analysis codes for multiple disciplines instead of relying on one code to perform the analysis for all disciplines.... In-Orbit Instrument-Pointing Calibration Using the Moon as a Target   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A method was developed for in-orbit measurement of the relative pointing of spectrometer channels, and the relationship between the spectrometer channels and the spacecraft coordinate system. In this innovation, individual scans of the Moon, from the three channels, were used to determine the position of the center of the Moon, with respect to channel-specific coordinates. Comparing the coordinates of the center of the Moon, obtained from individual channels, yields the relative pointing between the channels.... Entanglement in Self-Supervised Dynamics   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A new type of correlation has been developed similar to quantum entanglement in self-supervised dynamics (SSD). SSDs have been introduced as a quantum-classical hybrid based upon the Madelung equation in which the quantum potential is replaced by an information potential. As a result, SSD preserves the quantum topology along with superposition, entanglement, and wave-particle duality.... High-Speed Isolation Board for Flight Hardware Testing   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: There is a need to provide a portable and cost-effective galvanic isolation between ground support equipment and flight hardware such that any unforeseen voltage differential between ground and power supplies is eliminated. An interface board was designed for use between the ground support equipment and the flight hardware that electrically isolates all input and output signals and faithfully reproduces them on each side of the interface. It utilizes highly integrated multi-channel isolating devices to minimize size and reduce assembly time.... Optical Fiber Array Assemblies for Space Flight on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Custom fiber optic bundle array assemblies developed by the Photonics Group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center were an enabling technology for both the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and the Laser Ranging (LR) Investigation on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) currently in operation. The unique assembly array designs provided considerable decrease in size and weight and met stringent system level requirements. This is the first time optical fiber array bundle assemblies were used in a high performance space flight application.... Optimization of Indium Bump Morphology for Improved Flip Chip Devices   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Flip-chip hybridization, also known as bump bonding, is a packaging technique for microelectronic devices that directly connects an active element or detector to a substrate readout face-to-face, eliminating the need for wire bonding. In order to make conductive links between the two parts, a solder material is used between the bond pads on each side. Solder bumps, composed of indium metal, are typically deposited by thermal evaporation onto the active regions of the device and substrate.... Study of Near-Stall Flow Behavior in a Modern Transonic Fan with Composite Sweep   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Detailed flow behavior in a modern transonic fan with a composite sweep is investigated in this paper. Both unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods are applied to investigate the flow field over a wide operating range. The calculated flow fields are compared with the data from an array of high-frequency response pressure transducers embedded in the fan casing.... Student Drop Tower Competitions: Dropping In a Microgravity Environment (DIME) and What If No Gravity? (WING)   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper describes two student competition programs that allow student teams to conceive a science or engineering experiment for a microgravity environment. Selected teams design and build their experimental hardware, conduct baseline tests, and ship their experiment to NASA where it is operated in the 2.2 Second Drop Tower. The hardware and acquired data is provided to the teams after the tests are conducted so that the teams can prepare their final reports about their findings.... Core Noise Reduction   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This presentation is a technical summary of and outlook for NASA-internal and NASA-sponsored external research on core (combustor and turbine) noise funded by the Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project. Sections of the presentation cover: the SFW system-level noise metrics for the 2015, 2020, and 2025 timeframes; turbofan design trends and their aeroacoustic implications; the emerging importance of core noise and its relevance to the SFW Reduce-Perceived-Noise Technical Challenge; and the current research activities in the core noise area. Recent work1 on the turbine-transmission loss of combustor noise is briefly described, two2,3 new NRA efforts in the core-noise area are outlined, and an effort to develop CMC-based acoustic liners for broadband noise reduction suitable for turbofan-core application is delineated.... Hysteresis in the Active Oxidation of SiC   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Si and SiC show both passive oxidation behavior where a protective film of SiO2 forms and active oxidation behavior where a volatile suboxide SiO(g) forms. The active-to-passive and passive-to-active oxidation transitions are explored for both Si and SiC. Si shows a dramatic difference between the P(O2) for the two transitions of ~10-4 bar. The active-to-passive transition is controlled by the condition for SiO2/Si equilibrium and the passive-to-active transition is controlled by the decomposition of SiO2.... The Vaporization of B2O3(l) to B2O3(g) and B2O2(g)   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The vaporization of B2O3 in a reducing environment leads to formation of both B2O3(g) and B2O2(g). While formation of B2O3(g) is well understood, many questions about the formation of B2O2(g) remain. Previous studies using B(s) + B2O3(l) have led to inconsistent thermodynamic data.... Six Degrees-of-Freedom Ascent Control for Small-Body Touch and Go   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses a method of controlling touch and go (TAG) of a spacecraft to correct attitude, while ensuring a safe ascent. TAG is a concept whereby a spacecraft is in contact with the surface of a small body, such as a comet or asteroid, for a few seconds or less before ascending to a safe location away from the small body. The report describes a controller that corrects attitude and ensures that the spacecraft ascends to a safe state as quickly as possible.... Image Calibration   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Calibrate_Image calibrates images obtained from focal plane arrays so that the output image more accurately represents the observed scene. The function takes as input a degraded image along with a flat field image and a dark frame image produced by the focal plane array and outputs a corrected image. The three most prominent sources of image degradation are corrected for: dark current accumulation, gain non-uniformity across the focal plane array, and hot and/or dead pixels in the array.... RAPID: Collaborative Commanding and Monitoring of Lunar Assets   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: RAPID (Robot Application Programming Interface Delegate) software utilizes highly robust technology to facilitate commanding and monitoring of lunar assets. RAPID provides the ability for intercenter communication, since these assets are developed in multiple NASA centers. RAPID is targeted at the task of lunar operations; specifically, operations that deal with robotic assets, cranes, and astronaut spacesuits, often developed at different NASA centers.... Explosive Bolt Dual-Initiated from One Side   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An explosive bolt has been developed that has a one-sided dual initiation train all the way down to the pyro charge for high reliability, while still allowing the other side of the bolt to remain in place after actuation to act as a thermal seal in an extremely high-temperature environment. This lightweight separation device separates at a single fracture plane, and has as much redundancy/reliability as possible. The initiation train comes into the explosive bolt from one side.... Phase Retrieval System for Assessing Diamond Turning and Optical Surface Defects   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An optical design is presented for a measurement system used to assess the impact of surface errors originating from diamond turning artifacts. Diamond turning artifacts are common by-products of optical surface shaping using the diamond turning process (a diamond-tipped cutting tool used in a lathe configuration). Assessing and evaluating the errors imparted by diamond turning (including other surface errors attributed to optical manufacturing techniques) can be problematic and generally requires the use of an optical interferometer.... Test Port for Fiber-Optic-Coupled Laser Altimeter   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A test port designed as part of a fiber optic coupled laser altimeter receiver optical system allows for the back-illumination of the optical system for alignment verification, as well as illumination of the detector(s) for testing the receiver electronics and signal-processing algorithms. Measuring the optical alignment of a laser altimeter instrument is difficult after the instrument is fully assembled. The addition of a test port in the receiver aft-optics allows for the back-illumination of the receiver system such that its focal setting and boresight alignment can be easily verified.... 10-100 Gbps Offload NIC for WAN, NLR, and Grid Computing   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An extremely fast offload engine system has been developed that operates at 60 Gigabits per second (Gbps), and has scalability to 100 Gbps full-duplex (f-d). This system is based on unique coding and architecture derived from splintered UDP (User Datagram Protocol) offload technology, resulting in unique FPGA (field programmable gate array) intellectual property core and firmware. This innovation improves the networking speed of supercomputer clusters by providing an ultra-fast network protocol processing offload from a CPU (central processing unit) by inserting an offload engine into a host backplane and network connections.... Electrical Connector Mechanical Seating Sensor   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A sensor provides a measurement of the degree of seating of an electrical connector. This sensor provides a number of discrete distances that a plug is inserted into a socket or receptacle. The number of measurements is equal to the number of pins available in the connector for sensing.... Laser Oscillator Incorporating a Wedged Polarization Rotator and a Porro Prism as Cavity Mirror   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A laser cavity was designed and implemented by using a wedged polarization rotator and a Porro prism in order to reduce the parts count, and to improve the laser reliability. In this invention, a z-cut quartz polarization rotator is used to compensate the wavelength retardance introduced by the Porro prism. The polarization rotator rotates the polarization of the linear polarized beam with a designed angle that is independent of the orientation of the rotator.... Improved, Low-Stress Economical Submerged Pipeline   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A preliminary study has shown that the use of a high-strength composite fiber cloth material may greatly reduce fabrication and deployment costs of a subsea offshore pipeline. The problem is to develop an inexpensive submerged pipeline that can safely and economically transport large quantities of fresh water, oil, and natural gas underwater for long distances. Above-water pipelines are often not feasible due to safety, cost, and environmental problems, and present, fixed-wall, submerged pipelines are often very expensive.... Broadband Achromatic Phase Shifter for a Nulling Interferometer   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Nulling interferometry is a technique for imaging exoplanets in which light from the parent star is suppressed using destructive interference. Light from the star is divided into two beams and a phase shift of radians is introduced into one of the beams. When the beams are recombined, they destructively interfere to produce a deep null.... Scatterometer-Calibrated Stability Verification Method   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The requirement for scatterometer-combined transmit-receive gain variation knowledge is typically addressed by sampling a portion of the transmit signal, attenuating it with a known-stable attenuation, and coupling it into the receiver chain. This way, the gain variations of the transmit and receive chains are represented by this loop-back calibration signal, and can be subtracted from the received remote radar echo. Certain challenges are presented by this process, such as transmit and receive components that are outside of this loop-back path and are not included in this calibration, as well as the impracticality for measuring the transmit and receive chains stability and post fabrication separately, without the resulting measurement errors from the test set up exceeding the requirement for the flight instrument.... Two-Arm Flexible Thermal Strap   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Airborne and space infrared cameras require highly flexible direct cooling of mechanically-sensitive focal planes. A thermal electric cooler is often used together with a thermal strap as a means to transport the thermal energy removed from the infrared detector. While effective, traditional thermal straps are only truly flexible in one direction.... Super Dwarf Wheat for Growth in Confined Spaces   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: USU-Perigee is a dwarf red spring wheat that is a hybrid of a high-yield early tall wheat (USU-Apogee) and a low-yield, extremely short wheat that has poor agronomic characteristics. USU-Perigee was selected for its extremely short height (.0.3 m) and high yield . characteristics that make it suitable for growth in confined spaces in controlled environments. Other desirable characteristics include rapid development and resistance to a leaf-tip necrosis, associated with calcium deficiency, that occurs in other wheat cultivars under rapid-growth conditions (particularly, continuous light).... Automated Verification of Spatial Resolution in Remotely Sensed Imagery   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Image spatial resolution characteristics can vary widely among sources. In the case of aerial-based imaging systems, the image spatial resolution characteristics can even vary between acquisitions. In these systems, aircraft altitude, speed, and sensor look angle all affect image spatial resolution.... Pulsed Laser System to Simulate Effects of Cosmic Rays in Semiconductor Devices   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Spaceflight system electronic devices must survive a wide range of radiation environments with various particle types including energetic protons, electrons, gamma rays, x-rays, and heavy ions. High-energy charged particles such as heavy ions can pass straight through a semiconductor material and interact with a charge-sensitive region, generating a significant amount of charge (electron-hole pairs) along their tracks. These excess charges can damage the device, and the response can range from temporary perturbations to permanent changes in the state or performance.... Spaceflight Ka-Band High-Rate Radiation-Hard Modulator   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A document discusses the creation of a Ka-band modulator developed specifically for the NASA/GSFC Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). This flight design consists of a high-bandwidth, Quadriphase Shift Keying (QPSK) vector modulator with radiation-hardened, high-rate driver circuitry that receives I and Q channel data. The radiationhard design enables SDO fs Ka-band communications downlink system to transmit 130 Mbps (300 Msps after data encoding) of science instrument data to the ground system continuously throughout the mission fs minimum life of five years.... Method for Measuring Collimator-Pointing Sensitivity to Temperature Changes   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: For a variety of applications, it is important to measure the sensitivity of the pointing of a beam emerging from a collimator, as a function of temperature changes. A straightforward method for carrying out this measurement is based on using interferometry for monitoring the changes in beam pointing, which presents its own problems. The added temperature dependence and complexity issues relating to using an interferometer are addressed by not using an interferometer in the first place.... Dampers for Stationary Labyrinth Seals   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Vibration dampers have been invented that are incorporated as components within the stationary labyrinth seal assembly. These dampers are intended to supplement other vibration-suppressing features of labyrinth seals in order to reduce the incidence of high-cycle-fatigue failures, which have been known to occur in the severe vibratory environments of jet engines and turbopumps in which labyrinth seals are typically used. A vibration damper of this type includes several leaf springs and/or a number of metallic particles (shot) all held in an annular seal cavity by a retaining ring.... High Temperature Capacitive Pressure Sensor Employing a SiC Based Ring Oscillator   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: In an effort to develop harsh environment electronic and sensor technologies for aircraft engine safety and monitoring, we have used capacitive-based pressure sensors to shift the frequency of a SiC-electronics-based oscillator to produce a pressure-indicating signal that can be readily transmitted, e.g. wirelessly, to a receiver located in a more benign environment. Our efforts target 500 C, a temperature well above normal operating conditions of commercial circuits but within areas of interest in aerospace engines, deep mining applications and for future missions to the Venus atmosphere. This paper reports for the first time a ring oscillator circuit integrated with a capacitive pressure sensor, both operating at 500 C. This demonstration represents a significant step towards a wireless pressure sensor that can operate at 500 C and confirms the viability of 500 C electronic sensor systems.... Enabling Disabled Persons to Gain Access to Digital Media   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A report describes the first phase in an effort to enhance the NaviGaze software to enable profoundly disabled persons to operate computers. (Running on a Windows-based computer equipped with a video camera aimed at the user s head, the original NaviGaze software processes the user's head movements and eye blinks into cursor movements and mouse clicks to enable hands-free control of the computer.) To accommodate large variations in movement capabilities among disabled individuals, one of the enhancements was the addition of a graphical user interface for selection of parameters that affect the way the software interacts with the computer and tracks the user s movements. Tracking algorithms were improved to reduce sensitivity to rotations and reduce the likelihood of tracking the wrong features. Visual feedback to the user was improved to provide an indication of the state of the computer system.... Tone Noise Predictions for a Spacecraft Cabin Ventilation Fan Ingesting Distorted Inflow and the Challenges of Validation   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A fan tone noise prediction code has been developed at NASA Glenn Research Center that is capable of estimating duct mode sound power levels for a fan ingesting distorted inflow. This code was used to predict the circumferential and radial mode sound power levels in the inlet and exhaust duct of an axial spacecraft cabin ventilation fan. Noise predictions at fan design rotational speed were generated.... Improved Systematic Pointing Error Model for the DSN Antennas   02 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: New pointing models have been developed for large reflector antennas whose construction is founded on elevation over azimuth mount. At JPL, the new models were applied to the Deep Space Network (DSN) 34-meter antenna s subnet for corrections of their systematic pointing errors; it achieved significant improvement in performance at Ka-band (32-GHz) and X-band (8.4-GHz). The new models provide pointing improvements relative to the traditional models by a factor of two to three, which translate to approximately 3-dB performance improvement at Ka-band.... On the Edge: Skywatchers Snap Photo of Slender 'Little Sombrero' Galaxy   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com NGC 7814 is affectionately known as 'The Little Sombrero' because it looks like a smaller version of the Sombrero galaxy. Habitable Zones Around Alien Suns May Depend on Chemistry   02 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Trace elements in such stars may influence their habitable zones, where planets with life could dwell. Colbert Advocates NASA Space Station Research   02 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News Stephen Colbert, host of the nightly 'The Colbert Report,' said in a new NASA public service announcement released today that he's always been a huge fan of space. NASA to Host Media Telecon on Space Station Status   02 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA will host a media telecon at 2 p.m. CST today to discuss the status of the International Space Station and the progress toward an updated launch schedule, including international partner and commercial space vehicles. NASA Seeks Proposals For Edison Small Satellite Demonstrations   02 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA is seeking proposals for flight demonstrations of small satellite technologies with the goal of increasing the technical capabilities and range of uses for this emerging category of spacecraft. NASA Administrator Leads Action Session of President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness   02 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA Administrator Charles Bolden will lead a discussion with business leaders and higher education professionals at a Listening and Action Session of the President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness from 8:30 a.m. to 10 a.m. PST on Friday, Feb. 3, in Seattle. NASA Probe Captures 1st Video of Moon's Far Side   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Grail probes have returned their first view of the far side of the moon. Petitioners Push for Pluto Probe Postage Stamp   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The petition hopes to collect 100,000 signatures by March 13. Grail Mission Snaps Far Side of the Moon - First Look   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Grail Mission has delivered its first video footage of the far side of the moon. The MoonKam on the 'Ebb' spacecraft sapped the imagery on January 19th. Earth's Cloudy Past Could Reveal Exoplanet Details   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Two astronomers modeled the clouds of Earth's past in an effort to determine how landforms on an alien planet might appear. Strange Supernova - Cold Gas Cloud Molding Space Oddity?   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com About 15,000 light years from Earth, star remnant G350.1+0.3 has taken shape unlike many circular shaped supernovae. Researchers believe it is expanding into a cold cloud of gas creating the phenomena. Astronaut Launches into TV Frontier on 'Big Bang Theory' Thursday   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Astronaut Mike Massimino will test his acting chops on Thursday's airing of the CBS sitcom. Astronaut Launches into TV Frontier on 'Big Bang Theory' Today   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Astronaut Mike Massimino will test his acting chops on Thursday's airing of the CBS sitcom. How to See 'Future' Celestial Sights in Pre-Dawn Sky   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com If you rise extra early, you can catch celestial teasers of the spring and summer night sky. Photos: NASA's Last Mission to the Hubble Space Telescope   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com See photos of NASA's final shuttle mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope. Second 'Sunken UFO' Claim Doesn't Hold Water   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Analysis of two large, mysterious objects spotted on the sea floor. Emergency Launch Escape - The Private Space Way   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com SpaceX has recently test fired the next generation of astronaut safeguards, the SuperDraco Engine, with the ability to catapult its Dragon capsule off the rocket and land safely on a landing pad. 'TinKode' Hacker Suspect Arrested for NASA, Government Attacks   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Romanian authorities have arrested a 20-year-old believed to be TinKode, a hacker who previously compromised the networks of NASA, the European Space Agency and various U.S. government websites. Remembering Columbia - 'In Their Own Words'   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The last crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia talk about their dreams of being astronauts and the spectacle of flying above the Earth in this retrospective. New Report Pinpoints NASA's 16 Biggest Space Tech Needs   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Space radiation shields for astronauts and solar electric propulsion are on NASA's to-get list. Development of an Extreme High Temperature n-type Ohmic Contact to Silicon Carbide   01 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: We report on the initial demonstration of a tungsten-nickel (75:25 at. %) ohmic contact to silicon carbide (SiC) that performed for up to fifteen hours of heat treatment in argon at 1000 C. The transfer length method (TLM) test structure was used to evaluate the contacts. Samples showed consistent ohmic behavior with specific contact resistance values averaging 5 x 10-4 -cm2. The development of this contact metallization should allow silicon carbide devices to operate more reliably at the present maximum operating temperature of 600 C while potentially extending operations to 1000 C. Introduction Silicon Carbide (SiC) is widely recognized as one of the materials of choice for high temperature, harsh environment sensors and electronics due to its ability to survive and continue normal operation in such environments [1].... Ka-Band Site Characterization of the NASA Near Earth Network in Svalbard, Norway   01 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Critical to NASA s rapid migration toward Ka-Band is the comprehensive characterization of the communication channels at NASA's ground sites to determine the effects of the atmosphere on signal propagation and the network's ability to support various classes of users in different orbits. Accordingly, NASA has initiated a number of studies involving the ground sites of its Near Earth and Deep Space Networks. Recently, NASA concluded a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with the Norwegian Space Centre of the Kingdom of Norway and began a joint site characterization study to determine the atmospheric effects on Ka-Band links at the Svalbard Satellite Station in Norway, which remains a critical component of NASA s Near Earth Communication Network (NEN).... Increased Mechanical Properties Through the Addition of Zr to GRCop-84   01 Feb 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: GRCop-84 (Cu-8 at.% Cr-4 at.% Nb) has shown exceptional mechanical properties above 932 F (773 K). However, its properties below 932 F (773 K) are inferior to precipitation strengthened alloys such as Cu-Cr, Cu-Zr and Cu-Cr-Zr when they are in the fully aged, hard-drawn condition. It has been noted that the addition of small amounts of Zr, typically 0.1 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%, can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of copper-based alloys.... Skywatching Events for February 2012   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com In February 2012, skywatchers can enjoy views of the zodiacal light, and see Venus and Uranus together in a small telescope. Glowing Nebula Looks Like Giant Human Face in New Photo   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com The spectacular new image was captured by one of the telescopes at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Space Face: Nebula's Stellar Winds Sculpt Human Profile?   01 Feb 2012 - SPACE.com Europe's MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope has returned vibrant imagery of the stellar nursery NGC 3324 located in the Carina Nebula. The hot winds of star birth are carving gas and dust. But we only see a human face because we are human. NASA Glenn To Host Tweetup Celebrating 50th Anniversary Of First American To Orbit Earth   01 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland will host a special event on March 2 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of John Glenn's first orbital flight by an American. NASA Receives Final NRC Report On Space Technology Roadmaps   01 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA has received the National Research Council (NRC) report 'NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities,' which provides the agency with findings and recommendations on where best to invest in technologies needed to enable NASA's future missions in space. NASA Spacecraft Returns First Video from Far Side Of The Moon   01 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News A camera aboard one of NASA's twin Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) lunar spacecraft has returned its first unique view of the far side of the moon. East Coast Students to Speak Live With Space Station Commander   01 Feb 2012 - NASA Breaking News Students participating in a U.S. Coast Guard Academy mentoring program will speak with Expedition 30 Commander Dan Burbank aboard the International Space Station at 11:15 EST on Thursday, Feb. 2. NRC Report Identifies 16 Highest Priorities to Guide NASA's Technology Development Efforts for Next Five Years   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. During the next five years, NASA technology development efforts should focus on 16 high-priority technologies and their associated top technical challenges, says a new report from the National Research Council. NASA RFI: Alternate TPS and Alternate Architectures to Carbon Phenolic   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA RFI: Alternate TPS and Alternate Architectures to Carbon Phenolic ESA Briefing on New Results from Planck Mission   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. ESA Briefing on New Results from Planck Mission NASA Notice of Intent To Grant Partially Exclusive License: Photogrammetry System and Method for Determining Relative Motion Between Two Bodies   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Notice of Intent To Grant Partially Exclusive License: Photogrammetry System and Method for Determining Relative Motion Between Two Bodies Asteroids - The New 'It Mission' for Space Exploration   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Asteroids - The New 'It Mission' for Space Exploration Voyage   01 Feb 2012 - NASA Image of the Day On the craft's maiden voyage, the crew of space shuttle Columbia took this image that showcases the blackness of space and a blue and white Earth, as well as the cargo bay and aft section of the shuttle. The image was photographed through the flight deck's aft windows. In the lower right corner is one of the vehicle's radiator panels. The pentagon-shaped object in the upper left is glare caused by window reflection. STS-1, Columbia's maiden voyage, launched on April 12, 1981, and was the inaugural flight in the Space Shuttle Program. Columbia and its crew were lost during STS-107 mission in 2003. As the shuttle lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on Jan. 16, a small portion of foam broke away from the external fuel tank and struck the orbiter's left wing. The resulting damage created a hole in the wing's leading edge, which caused the vehicle to break apart during reentry on Feb. 1. Image Credit: NASA AGILE Wins Top High-Energy Prize   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. AGILE Wins Top High-Energy Prize NASA Glenn To Host Tweetup Celebrating 50th Anniversary Of First American To Orbit Earth   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Glenn To Host Tweetup Celebrating 50th Anniversary Of First American To Orbit Earth NASA Receives Final NRC Report On Space Technology Roadmaps   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. During the next five years, NASA technology development efforts should focus on 16 high-priority technologies and their associated top technical challenges, says a new report from the National Research Council. IBEX probe glimpses interstellar neighborhood   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. IBEX probe glimpses interstellar neighborhood SpaceX Test Fires Advanced New Engine (with Video)   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) has successfully test fired SuperDraco, a powerful new engine that will play a critical role in the company's efforts to change the future of human spaceflight. A Pocket of Star Formation Within NGC 3324   01 Feb 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NGC 3324 is located in the southern constellation of Carina (The Keel, part of Jason's ship the Argo) roughly 7500 light-years from Earth. It is on the northern outskirts of the chaotic environment of the Carina Nebula, Reports: Russia Delays Launch of Next Space Station Crew   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The chief of Russia's Federal Space Agency said the launch will be delayed by about 45 days. What's Taking E.T. So Long to Find Us?   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com E.T. would have had plenty of time to reach us by now. Are we just being ignored? Bright Planets and Red Giants: February Skywatching   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, Mars, and several prominent giant stars highlight a brilliant month in the night sky. Tonight's Sky for February 2012 shows how to see them all. How the Sun Get Its Spots: New Theory Proposed for Solar Mystery   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Sunspots are darkened patches on the sun that are not well understood. NASA Probe Discovers 'Alien' Matter From Beyond Our Solar System   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer has detected 'alien matter' streaming into our solar system. Documenting Discovery: NASA, Archivists Work to Record Space Shuttles' History   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The space shuttles are undergoing final preparation for public display at museums. Alien Atoms: First Contact Made By NASA Satellite   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Using the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), NASA has sampled the galactic wind that has traveled from outside our solar system. Four types of atoms were found to be different from what we have in our Solar System. Space Radiation Doomed Russian Mars Probe That Crashed: Reports   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A Russian investigation points to cosmic radiation as the cause of Phobos-Grunt's demise. Examination of Relationship Between Photonic Signatures and Fracture Strength of Fused Silica Used in Orbiter Windows   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A commercially available grey-field polariscope (GFP) instrument for photoelastic examination is used to assess impact damage inflicted upon the outermost pane of the orbiter windows. Four categories of damage: hyper-velocity impacts that occur during space-flight (HVI); hypervelocity impacts artificially made at the Hypervelocity Impact Technology Facility (HIT-F); impacts made by larger objects falling onto the pane surface to simulate dropped items on the window during service/storage of vehicle (Bruises); and light scratches from dull objects designed to mimic those that might occur by dragging a dull object across the glass surface (Chatter Checks) are examined. The damage sites are cored from fused silica window carcasses, examined with the GFP and other methodologies, and broken using the ASTM Standard C1499-09 to measure the fracture strength.... Status of NASA In-Space Propulsion Technologies and Their Infusion Potential   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Since 2001, the In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) program has been developing in-space propulsion technologies that will enable or enhance NASA robotic science missions. These in-space propulsion technologies have broad applicability to future competed Discovery and New Frontiers mission solicitations, and are potentially enabling for future NASA flagship and sample return missions currently being considered. This paper provides status of the technology development of several in-space propulsion technologies that are ready for infusion into future missions.... U.S. Space Radioisotope Power Systems and Applications: Past, Present and Future   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Radioisotope power systems (RPS) have been essential to the U.S. exploration of outer space. RPS have two primary uses: electrical power and thermal power. To provide electrical power, the RPS uses the heat produced by the natural decay of a radioisotope (e.g., plutonium-238 in U.S. RPS) to drive a converter (e.g., thermoelectric elements or Stirling linear alternator).... Composite Properties of RTM370 Polyimide Fabricated by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: RTM370 imide resin based on 2,3,3?,4?-biphenyl dianhydride (a-BPDA), 3,4'-oxydianinline (3,4'-ODA) with the 4-phenylethynylphthalic (PEPA) endcap has been shown to exhibit a high cured T(sub g) (370 C) and low melt viscosity (10-30 poise) at 280 C with a pot-life of 1-2 h. Previously, RTM370 resin has been successfully fabricated into composites reinforced with T650-35 carbon fabrics by resin transfer molding (RTM). RTM370 composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties up to 327?C (620?F), and outstanding property retention after aging at 288?C (550?F) for 1000 h.... Fractal-Based Oscillation of Macular Arteriogenesis and Dropout During Progressive Diabetic Retinopathy   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: By both fractal (D1) and branching (Lv) analysis, macular arterial density oscillated with progression from mild NPDR to PDR. Results are consistent with out study reported recently for the entire arterial and venous branching trees within 50 degree FAs by VESGEN generational branching analysis. Current and previous results are important for advances in early-stage regenerative DR therapies, for which reversal of DR progression to a normal vessel density may be possible. For example, potential use of regenerative angiogenesis stimulators to reverse vascular dropout during mild and severe NPDR is not indicated for treatment of moderate NPDR.... Simultaneous Ka-Band Site Characterization: Goldstone, CA, White Sands, NM, and Guam, USA   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: To statistically characterize atmospheric effects on Ka-band links at NASA operational sites, NASA has constructed site test interferometers (STI s) which directly measure the tropospheric phase stability and rain attenuation. These instruments observe an unmodulated beacon signal broadcast from a geostationary satellite (e.g., Anik F2) and measure the phase difference between the signals received by the two antennas and its signal attenuation. Three STI s have been deployed so far: the first one at the NASA Deep Space Network Tracking Complex in Goldstone, California (May 2007); the second at the NASA White Sands Complex, in Las Cruses, New Mexico (February 2009); and the third at the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Remote Ground Terminal (GRGT) complex in Guam (May 2010).... Characterization of Catalyst Materials for Production of Aerospace Fuels   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Due to environmental, economic, and security issues, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to non-petroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. Additionally, efforts are concentrated on reducing costs coupled with fuel production from non-conventional sources.... Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst for Aviation Fuel Production   31 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: As the oil supply declines, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to non-petroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. The Fischer-Tropsch process uses a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which is converted into various liquid hydrocarbons; this versatile gas-to-liquid technology produces a complex product stream of paraffins, olefins, and oxygenated compounds such as alcohols and aldehydes.... Photos: NASA's IBEX Probes Solar System's Edge   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com See images from NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. 'Crackpot' Theory of Everything Reveals Dark Side of Peer Review   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The theory suggests inanimate objects are alive - which others call bunk. Powerful Sun Storms May Sweep Away Space Junk   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The sun's violent activity expands Earth's atmosphere, which increases the rate that space junk falls from orbit. Venus Looks Down: Skywatcher Photo Captures Planet and Earthshine   31 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com One of the brightest objects in the sky, Venus is visible from Earth because it is close to the orbit of the sun. SJSU Receives $73.3 Million Award to Participate in NASA Research   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. SJSU Receives $73.3 Million Award to Participate in NASA Research NASA Cassini Significant Events 01/18/2012 - 01/24/2012   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Capture of the telemetry data that is carried on Cassini's 1-way downlink signal, whose frequency is based on the Auxiliary Oscillator in the absence of an operable Ultrastable Oscillator (USO), continues to be normal. NASA Announces Awards for 2012 Space Frontier Business Plan Competition   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA's Ames Research Center, in conjunction with NASAs Office of the Chief Technologists Emerging Space Office, is continuing its support for the Space Frontier Foundations annual Business Plan Competition by funding this years awards totaling $110,000. National Research Council Report Identifies and Prioritizes Key Technologies for NASA   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. In 2010 NASA created 14 draft technology roadmaps to help guide and prepare for the agency's future space exploration and mission needs. State Department: "Space Security - An American Perspective"   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Each of us has a different interpretation of what 'space security' means that stems principally from our respective country's national interests and the contributions that space systems make to our security, economy, and daily lives. Legendary Astronaut Shannon Lucid Retires From NASA   31 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News Shannon Lucid, a member of NASA's first astronaut class to include women, has retired after more than three decades of service to the agency. NASA Spacecraft Reveals New Observations of Interstellar Matter   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. IBEX has captured the best and most complete glimpse yet of what lies beyond the solar system. The new measurements give clues about how and where our solar system formed, the forces that physically shape our solar system. NASA Releases Sector 33 Air Traffic Control Educational Game App   31 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News PASTE INTRO SENTENCE HERE Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 30 January 2012   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 30 January 2012 NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 30 January 2012   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except those noted previously or below. Underway: Week 10 of Increment 30 (six-person crew). NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Monday, January 30, 2012   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Monday, January 30, 2012 NASA Solicitation: Space Launch System Advanced Development   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NNH12ZDA001N, entitled 'Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences - 2012 (ROSES-2012),' will be available on or about February 14, 2012. NASA JSC Solicitation: Single Board Computer For Space   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA JSC Solicitation: Single Board Computer For Space Earth's Energy Budget Remained Out of Balance Despite Unusually Low Solar Activity   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. A new NASA study underscores the fact that greenhouse gases generated by human activity -- not changes in solar activity -- are the primary force driving global warming. NASA Request for Information: Invitation to Participate in RAPID III Contracts On-Ramp 2   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Request for Information: Invitation to Participate in RAPID III Contracts On-Ramp 2 NASA Solicitation: ISS GPS and Specialized Exploration Test Support   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Solicitation: ISS GPS and Specialized Exploration Test Support Ball Aerospace Names Robert D. Strain as Chief Operating Officer   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Ball Aerospace Names Robert D. Strain as Chief Operating Officer Challenger Center Welcomes New Board Leaders   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Challenger Center Welcomes New Board Leaders Orbital Names General Kevin Chilton to Company's Board of Directors   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Orbital Names General Kevin Chilton to Company's Board of Directors CASIS Announces Request for Information (RFI) for Integration and Operations Support   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. CASIS released a Request for Information (RFI) today seeking information about potential implementation partners, service providers and organizations that can provide project integration and operations support for payloads. Brazilian Youth Ambassadors Visit NASA Headquarters   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Brazilian Youth Ambassadors Visit NASA Headquarters NASA Solicitation: Headquarters Multimedia Division Television and Web Support Services   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Solicitation: Headquarters Multimedia Division Television and Web Support Services Tea Party in Space Endorses Gingrich for President   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Tea Party in Space Endorses Gingrich for President National Science Board to Meet February 2-3 at NSF Headquarters   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. National Science Board to Meet February 2-3 at NSF Headquarters Video: Lego Man In Space   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Video: Lego Man In Space Northrop Grumman Tapped by NASA to Develop Solar Electric Propulsion Flight Concepts for Future Space Missions   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Northrop Grumman Tapped by NASA to Develop Solar Electric Propulsion Flight Concepts for Future Space Missions IBEX Measures 'Alien' Particles from Outside Solar System   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. IBEX Measures 'Alien' Particles from Outside Solar System NASA, University Of Maryland Invite Public To Astronauts' Discussion Of Recent International Space Station Missions   31 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA and the University of Maryland's A. James Clark School of Engineering invite the public to a discussion with three astronauts from recent International Space Station expedition missions at 5:30 p.m. EST on Tuesday, Feb. 14, in the Hoff Theater inside the Adele H. Stamp Student Union. Mouser Electronics Supports Launch of NASA Science and Technology Event   31 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Mouser Electronics Supports Launch of NASA Science and Technology Event Pine Island Glacier   31 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day In mid-October 2011, NASA scientists working in Antarctica discovered a massive crack across the Pine Island Glacier, a major ice stream that drains the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Extending for 19 miles (30 kilometers), the crack was 260 feet (80 meters) wide and 195 feet (60 meters) deep. Eventually, the crack will extend all the way across the glacier, and calve a giant iceberg that will cover about 350 square miles (900 square kilometers). This image from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on NAS's Terra spacecraft was acquired Nov. 13, 2011, and covers an area of 27 by 32 miles (44 by 52 kilometers), and is located near 74.9 degrees south latitude, 101.1 degrees west longitude. Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team NASA Spacecraft Reveals New Observations of Interstellar Matter   31 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has captured the best and most complete glimpse yet of what lies beyond the solar system. Volcanoes May Have Sparked Little Ice Age   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Dead vegetation has revealed clues to a cold spell that gripped Europe and elsewhere. Earth's 'Missing Energy' Was Never Lost   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Energy thought lost was hiding in Earth's oceans. Winds of Mars Transform Sand Dunes Into Art   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter snapped this amazing view of Martian dunes. Photos: NASA's MLAS Astronaut Escape Ship Test Launch   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com See photos from NASA's July 8, 2009 astronaut escape ship test launch demonstration. Stunning Photos of Our Milky Way Galaxy   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com One of the most beautiful sights in the heavens is the view of our own Milky Way from the inside. Newt Gingrich's Moon Base by 2020: Can It Be Done?   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Newt Gingrich promises a lunar colony in less than a decade, but experts question whether it's possible. NASA Launches Space Trivia Game Into Facebook Frontier   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's 'Space Race Blastoff' game tests players' space trivia smarts on Facebook. City Lights at Night: Astronaut's Amazing View from Space   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Space station astronauts caught this stunning panoramic view of nighttime in Europe. Solar Storm Radiation Dangerous To Human Space Exploration?   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) aboard the Curiosity rover is collecting data while en route to the Mars. This will give important information of the effects of radiation from events such as solar storms on spacecraft and their contents NASA to Solicit Private Space Taxi Proposals Feb. 7   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com It's the third round of NASA's program aimed at spurring the development of commercial crew vehicles. Mars-Bound NASA Rover Detects Radiation from Huge Solar Storm   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A huge eruption of radiation from the sun was measured in space by NASA's MSL Curiosity rover. Russian Rocket Problems Delay Satellite Launch Again   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The launch of the SES-4 communications satellite has been delayed until further notice. Small Satellites Get New Rocket: Europe's Vega Launcher   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The European Space Agency, Arianespace and Avio are getting set for the first launch of their Vega Rocket in February 2012. Its purpose is to launch small payloads to polar and low-earth orbits. Photos: Meet Vega, Europe's New Rocket   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com See images and photos of the new European medium-payload launcher Vega. Gigantic Radio Telescope to Search for First Stars and Galaxies   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A new, huge radio telescope network called LOFAR (The Low Frequency Array) will link telescopes around the world. Our Planet's Killer Electrons Shoot Toward Space, Not Earth   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Dangerous electrons from nearby radiation belts are more likely to escape into space than spiral down toward Earth. Lego Man Flies To The Edge Of Space   30 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A pair of 17-year-olds from Canada, Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, attached a styrofoam box with a Lego man, 4 cameras and a GPS equipped phone to a weather balloon. It nearly 80,000 feet before the balloon popped. NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 29 January 2012   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except those noted previously or below. Sunday - Crew off duty. Ahead: Week 10 of Increment 30 (six-person crew). ILS Proton Launch of SES-4 Satellite Postponed   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. ILS Proton Launch of SES-4 Satellite Postponed Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 29 January 2012   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 29 January 2012 Final Call to Register and Win Suborbital Research Flight at Next Generation Suborbital Researchers Conference   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. XCOR Aerospace and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) announce the final week to register and become eligible to win a suborbital research flight on XCOR's Lynx I vehicle at the Next Generation Suborbital Researchers Conference. Brazilian Youth Ambassadors Visit NASA Headquarters   30 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day NASA Administrator Charles Bolden played host to 45 Brazilian Youth Ambassadors on Friday, Jan. 27, in the NASA Headquarters auditorium, where he delivered an educational outreach presentation. The Brazilians are participating in a three-week U.S. Department of State youth exchange program for outstanding Brazilian public school students. The Department of State requested this special presentation for the Brazilian students as a follow on to the Administrator’s successful outreach activities during his trip to Brazil in October 2011. His presentation to students at the National Institute of Space Research facilities in SĂ£o JosĂ© dos Campos was simulcast by the U.S. Embassy and viewed by nearly 3,000 people throughout the country. The Youth Ambassadors are young people in pursuit of academic and professional success who make a difference in their communities through their leadership and volunteer work. As ambassadors, the students also have an opportunity to fulfill a very important mission - to introduce a little bit of Brazil to the United States. Since 2002, the program has benefited some 250 young Brazilians. The Youth Ambassadors Program has now expanded to more than 20 countries in the Western Hemisphere. During the students first week in the United States, Youth Ambassadors visited Washington, D.C. and took part in meetings with government officials, visiting schools and social projects. The young Brazilians strengthened their leadership skills through workshops and lectures during these visits. They then traveled to host states, where they stayed with volunteer families. They attended classes at local schools, took part in volunteer activities, gave presentations about Brazil, and interacted with the community. The program offered a unique opportunity to learn about the U.S. culture and practice English. After their return home, the students will implement community service projects they developed during their exchange program. Image Credit: NASA/Paul Alers Goddard Center Director Robert Strain Announces Departure from Agency   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Director Robert Strain announced he will leave the agency on March 4, 2012, to take a position in private industry. NASA Marshall Researcher Dr. Chryssa Kouveliotou Receives 2012 Dannie Heineman Prize in Astrophysics   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Marshall Researcher Dr. Chryssa Kouveliotou Receives 2012 Dannie Heineman Prize in Astrophysics NASA GSFC Center Director Rob Strain Announces Plans to Leave   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA GSFC Center Director Rob Strain Announces Plans to Leave NASA Releases First Multi-Player Facebook Game   30 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA has launched its first multi-player online game to test players' knowledge of the space program. Who was the first American to walk in space? Who launched the first liquid-fueled rocket? NASA Releases First Multi-Player Facebook Game   30 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA has launched its first multi-player online game to test players' knowledge of the space program. Western Europe at Night   30 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day With hardware from the Earth-orbiting International Space Station appearing in the near foreground, a night time European panorama reveals city lights from Belgium and the Netherlands at bottom center. the British Isles partially obscured by solar array panels at left, the North Sea at left center, and Scandinavia at right center beneath the end effector of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System or Canadarm2. This image was taken by the station crew on Jan. 22, 2012. Image Credit: NASA Space Station Dodges Debris From Destroyed Chinese Satellite   29 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The space junk was leftover debris from China's 2007 anti-satellite test, NASA says. Vote Now! Top Space Stories of the Week - Jan. 29, 2012   29 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Colonies on the moon, meteorites in Antarctica and a bus-sized asteroid are just a few of several big stories in space for the week. SwRI-led RAD measures radiation from solar storm   29 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The largest solar particle event since 2005 hit the Earth, Mars and MSL travelling in-between, allowing the onboard Radiation Assessment Detector to measure the radiation a human astronaut could be exposed to en route to the Red Planet. Space Weather Center to Add World's First 'Ensemble Forecasting' Capability   29 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. By the time it's fully awake in about 20 months, the team at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., charged with researching and tracking solar activity, will have at their disposal a greatly enhanced forecasting capability. NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 28 January 2012   29 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except those noted previously or below. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 28 January 2012   29 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 28 January 2012 Moon Cozies Up to Jupiter in the Night Sky Sunday   28 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A waxing crescent moon will pay a visit to Jupiter in the evening sky. Best Space Photos of the Week - Jan. 28, 2012   28 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Spectacular space images filled the last week of January, including one stunning photo from NASA's newest Earth-watching satellite and a brilliant image of a shooting star soaring over castle ruins. Teens Put Lego Man in 'Space' (Actually Stratosphere)   28 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Two Canadian 17-year-olds spent $400 to launch their Lego minifigure on a near-space balloon ride. Declassified US Spy Satellites from Cold War Land in Ohio   28 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The spy satellites were used from the 1960s to the 1980s to observe the Soviet Union. Mitt Romney would have fired Mike Griffin: Is Romney Already Being Trapped By Unsustainable Space Interests?   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Today, it was revealed that former NASA Administrator Mike Griffin is member of the Romney Space Policy Advisory Group. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Friday, January 27, 2012   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Friday, January 27, 2012 Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 27 January 2012   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 27 January 2012 Astronaut Jerry Ross, First Seven-Time Flier, Retires   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Astronaut Jerry Ross, First Seven-Time Flier, Retires NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 27 January 2012   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Sleep Cycle Shift: In preparation for tonight's docking of Progress M-14/46P (#414) at ~7:09pm EST, the crew's sleep cycle was adjusted today, with a 4h 30m 'nap' inserted to extend working hours until 1:30am tomorrow morning. NASA Updates Media Two Shuttle Move Photo Opportunity   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Updates Media Two Shuttle Move Photo Opportunity NASA to Host Disaster Resiliency Management Panel   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA to Host Disaster Resiliency Management Panel NASA Announcement NRA: NNJ12ZSA001N Ground-Based Studies in Space Radiobiology   28 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA Announcement NRA: NNJ12ZSA001N Ground-Based Studies in Space Radiobiology Photos: Moon & Venus Dazzle in Skywatcher Views (Jan. 2012)   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com See images of the moon and Venus close together. Photos: Moon & Venus Dazzle in Skywatcher Views   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com See images of the moon and Venus close together. Robotic Russian Supply Ship Docks at Space Station   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The Progress 46 cargo ship delivered nearly 3 tons of cargo to the International Space Station. Freedom 7 Mercury Capsule, Flown by 1st American in Space, Heads to Boston, D.C.   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA astronaut Alan Shepard flew the Freedom 7 capsule on May 5, 1961. Last Man on Moon & 7 Other Space Leaders Back Mitt Romney   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Two retired astronauts, a former NASA administrator and five other space leaders signed an open letter. GOP Presidential Candidates: Where They Stand on Space   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A summary of the Republican contenders' views on NASA and the future of American spaceflight. Massive X-Flare Tops Sun's Active Week   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The same sunspot to unleash a M.9 flare just a few days ago erupted again with the strongest of flares, X type, on January 27, 2012. Fortunately, the Earth was spared the full brunt of the solar shockwave, but a radiation storm may still be imminent. Sun Unleashes Strongest Flare Yet of 2012   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com An X-class flare, the most powerful type of solar storm, erupted from the sun today. Barge Carrying Atlas Rockets Crashes Into Bridge   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The two launch vehicles are apparently undamaged. Boat Carrying Atlas Rocket Crashes Into Bridge   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The two launch vehicles are apparently undamaged. Shooting Star Streaks Over Castle Ruins in Skywatcher Photo   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The ruins of the castle gleam against the backdrop of the Bakony mountain range in the stunning image. Retired Satellite's Fall From Space Will Exceed NASA Safety Rules   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The forecast for the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer's re-entry projects a return between 2014 and 2023. Record-Setting Astronaut Retires from NASA   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA astronaut Jerry Ross, the first person to fly seven space missions, has left the agency. Bus-Size Asteroid Buzzes Earth in Close Flyby   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The asteroid 2012 BX34 came within 36,750 miles of Earth. Russia Evaluates Space Capsule Cracks Ahead of March Launch   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The Soyuz TMA-04M is slated to launch to the orbiting complex on March 29. SVN 62 L5 Carrier Phase Anomaly(?), (SVN 49 Bonus)   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... A Survey of Ballistic Transfers to the Lunar Surface   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: In this study techniques are developed which allow an analysis of a range of different types of transfer trajectories from the Earth to the lunar surface. Trajectories ranging from those obtained using the invariant manifolds of unstable orbits to those derived from collision orbits are analyzed. These techniques allow the computation of trajectories encompassing low-energy trajectories as well as more direct transfers.... Impulse Testing of Corporate-Fed Patch Array Antennas   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper discusses a novel method for detecting faults in antenna arrays. The method, termed Impulse Testing, was developed for corporate-fed patch arrays where the element is fed by a probe and is shorted at its center. Impulse Testing was devised to supplement conventional microwave measurements in order to quickly verify antenna integrity.... Instrument Pointing Capabilities: Past, Present, and Future   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper surveys the instrument pointing capabilities of past, present and future space telescopes and interferometers. As an important aspect of this survey, we present a taxonomy for 'apples-to-apples' comparisons of pointing performances. First, pointing errors are defined relative to either an inertial frame or a celestial target.... Effects of Hi Y Power Tests on AOA Receivers   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2): The OCO-2 X(sub CO2) Retrieval Algorithm Overview   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... TES Ammonia Retrieval Strategy and Global Observations of the Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Ammonia   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Presently only limited sets of tropospheric ammonia (NH3) measurement in the Earth's atmosphere have been reported from satellite and surface station measurement , despite the well-documented negative impact of H3 on the environment and human health . Presented here is a detailed description of the satellite retrieval strategy and analysis for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using simulations and measurements. These results show that: (i) the level of detectability for a representative boundary layer TES NH3 mixing ratio value is approx.0.4 ppbv, which typically corresponds to a profile that contains a maximum level value of approx.1 ppbv; (ii) TES NH3 retrievals generally provide at most one degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), with peak sensitivity between 700 and 900 mbar; (iii) TES NH3 retrievals show significant spatial and seasonal variability of NH3 globally; (iv) initial comparisons of TES observation with GEOS-CHEM estimates show TES values being higher overall.... HVI Ballistic Performance Characterization of Non-Parallel Walls   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Double-Wall, 'Whipple' Shield [1] has been the subject of many hypervelocity impact studies and has proven to be an effective shield system for Micro-Meteoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) impacts for spacecraft. The US modules of the International Space Station (ISS), with their 'bumper shields' offset from their pressure holding rear walls provide good examples of effective on-orbit use of the double wall shield. The concentric cylinder shield configuration with its large radius of curvature relative to separation distance is easily and effectively represented for testing and analysis as a system of two parallel plates.... Human Systems Integration in Practice: Constellation Lessons Learned   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA's Constellation program provided a unique testbed for Human Systems Integration (HSI) as a fundamental element of the Systems Engineering process. Constellation was the first major program to have HSI mandated by NASA's Human Rating document. Proper HSI is critical to the success of any project that relies on humans to function as operators, maintainers, or controllers of a system.... Quantifying Spatial and Seasonal Variability in Atmospheric Ammonia with In Situ and Space-Based Observations   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Ammonia plays an important role in many biogeochemical processes, yet atmospheric mixing ratios are not well known. Recently, methods have been developed for retrieving NH3 from space-based observations, but they have not been compared to in situ measurements. We have conducted a field campaign combining co-located surface measurements and satellite special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES).... Investigating the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Astronaut Career Performance: Retrospective Analysis of Personality Data Collected 1989-1995   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This report presents an analysis of an existing astronaut psychological trait dataset and the relationship between those data and publicly available metrics of astronaut career performance. The overall aim of this analysis is to examine the relationship between individual factors (i.e., predictors), identifiable at the time of selection, and career activity (i.e., performance) as an astronaut. Sections include: outcome variables (quantifying career performance); analysis of the data (the personality data set, analytic strategy, and demographic factors and astronaut career performance); trait predictors and performance; a summary of the analysis; and suggestions for next steps.This project is funded by a contractual agreement between the author and the Behavioral Health and Performance Research Element at EASI/Wyle and NASA. This work was undertaken for the purpose of informing future selection strategies for astronaut applicants, and to create a better understanding of the relationship between individual psychological characteristics and the job of being an astronaut... Application of ESE Data and Tools to Air Quality Management: Services for Helping the Air Quality Community use ESE Data (SHAirED)   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The goal of this REASoN applications and technology project is to deliver and use Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) data and tools in support of air quality management. Its scope falls within the domain of air quality management and aims to develop a federated air quality information sharing network that includes data from NASA, EPA, US States and others. Project goals were achieved through a access of satellite and ground observation data, web services information technology, interoperability standards, and air quality community collaboration.... Abiotic Versus Biotic Pathogens: Replicative Growth in Host Tissues Key to Discriminating Between Biotoxic Injury and Active Pathogenesis   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Life can be defined as a self-sustaining chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution; a self-bounded, self-replicating, and self-perpetuating entity [1]. This definition should hold for terrestrial as well as extraterrestrial life-forms. Although, it is reasonable to expect that a Mars life-form would be more adaptable to Mars-like conditions than to Earth-like environments, it remains possible that negative ecological or host interactions might occur if Mars microbiota were to be inadvertently released into the terrestrial environment.... Development and Evaluation of the Habitat Demonstration Unit Medical Operations Workstation and Opportunities for Future Research   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: As NASA develops missions to leave Earth orbit and explore distant destinations (Mars, Moon, Asteroids) it is necessary to rethink human spaceflight paradigms in the life sciences. Standards developed for low earth orbit human spaceflight may not be fully applicable and in-space research may be required to develop new standards. Preventative and emergency medical care may require new capabilities never before used in space.... Hypervelocity Impact Experiments on Epoxy/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite Panels Reinforced with Nanotubes   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Advanced composites with multi-functional capabilities are of great interest to the designers of aerospace structures. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) reinforced with high strength fibers provide a lightweight and high strength alternative to metals and metal alloys conventionally used in aerospace architectures. Novel reinforcements such as nanofillers offer potential to improve the mechanical properties and add multi-functionality such as radiation resistance and sensing capabilities to the PMCs.... Innovative Approaches to Space-Based Manufacturing and Rapid Prototyping of Composite Materials   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The ability to deploy large habitable structures, construct, and service exploration vehicles in low earth orbit will be an enabling capability for continued human exploration of the solar system. It is evident that advanced manufacturing methods to fabricate replacement parts and re-utilize launch vehicle structural mass by converting it to different uses will be necessary to minimize costs and allow flexibility to remote crews engaged in space travel. Recent conceptual developments and the combination of inter-related approaches to low-cost manufacturing of composite materials and structures are described in context leading to the possibility of on-orbit and space-based manufacturing.... Emission Ratios for Ammonia and Formic Acid and Observations of Peroxy Acetyl Nitrate (PAN) and Ethylene in Biomass Burning Smoke as Seen by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: We use the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard the NASA Aura satellite to determine the concentrations of the trace gases ammonia (NH3) and formic acid (HCOOH) within boreal biomass burning plume, and present the first detection of peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and ethylene (C2H4) by TES. We focus on two fresh Canadian plumes observed by TES in the summer of 2008 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS-B) campaign. We use TES retrievals of NH3 and HCOOH within the smoke plumes to calculate their emission ratios (1.0% +/- 0.5% and 0.31 % +/- 0.21 %, respectively) relative to CO for these Canadian fires. The TES derived emission ratios for these gases agree well with previous aircraft and satellite estimates, and can complement ground-based studies that have greater surface sensitivity.... Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride Focal Plane Array Performance Under Non-Standard Operating Conditions   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper highlights a new technique that allows the Teledyne Scientific & Imaging LLC TCM6604A Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) Focal Plane Array (FPA) to operate at room temperature. The Teledyne MCT FPA has been a standard in Imaging Spectroscopy since its creation in the 1980's. This FPA has been used in applications ranging from space instruments such as CRISM, M3 and ARTEMIS to airborne instruments such as MaRS and the Next Generation AVIRIS Instruments1.... Design and Verification of External Occulters for Direct Imaging of Extrasolar Planets   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: An occulter is an optical element which is placed in front of the telescope to block most of the light from a star before it reaches the optics inside, without blocking the planet.In our case, we use two spacecraft ying in formation: First has its edge shaped to cancel the starlight Second is the telescope which images the star and planet... Issues Related to Large Flight Hardware Acoustic Qualification Testing   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The characteristics of acoustical testing volumes generated by reverberant chambers or a circle of loudspeakers with and without large flight hardware within the testing volume are significantly different. The parameters attributing to these differences are normally not accounted for through analysis or acoustic tests prior to the qualification testing without the test hardware present. In most cases the control microphones are kept at least 2-ft away from hardware surfaces, chamber walls, and speaker surfaces to minimize the impact of the hardware in controlling the sound field.... What Does Business Intelligence Have to do with Interplanetary Spacecraft Communications?   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... Status of a NASA Standard and Three NASA Handbooks   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: NASA-STD-7003 Pyroshock Test Criteria, May 18, 1999, has been revised per direction of NASA Headquarters to make it a mandatory standard and to update it for advances in the discipline since it's initial release. NASA-HDBK-7004B Force Limited Vibration Testing, January 31, 2003, and NASA-HDBK-7005 Dynamic Environmental Criteria, March 13, 2001, are being updated to reflect advances in the disciplines since their last release. Additionally, a new NASA handbook, NASA-HDBK-7008 Spacecraft Structural Dynamics Testing is currently being prepared.... Dawn Statistical Maneuver Design for Vesta Operations   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: In July of 2011 the Dawn spacecraft is scheduled to begin orbital operations at Vesta, a large main-belt asteroid. Dawn is a NASA Discovery mission that uses solar-electric low-thrust ion propulsion for both interplanetary cruise and orbital operations. Navigating between the Dawn project's four targeted science orbits at Vesta requires a plan that accounts for uncertainties not only in thrust execution, orbit determination, and other spacecraft forces, but also large uncertainties in characteristics of Vesta - such as the asteroid's gravity field and pole orientation.... Low-Thrust Orbit Transfer Design for DAWN Operations at VESTA   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Upon arrival at the asteroid Vesta, scheduled for July of 2011, the Dawn spacecraft will target a series of four distinct mapping orbits, each providing a unique opportunity to observe Vesta. The unknown, and potentially complex, Vesta gravity field presents challenges for designing low-thrust transfers between these mapping orbits while maintaining spacecraft safety from Vesta occultation of the Sun. This paper provides a description of the orbit transfers designed for Vesta operations along with a discussion of the constraints and methods used to design these transfers.... An MBSE Approach to Space Suit Development   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The EVA/Space Suit Development Office (ESSD) Systems Engineering and Integration (SE&I) team has utilized MBSE in multiple programs. After developing operational and architectural models, the MBSE framework was expanded to link the requirements space to the system models through functional analysis and interfaces definitions. By documenting all the connections within the technical baseline, ESSD experienced significant efficiency improvements in analysis and identification of change impacts.... The Lessons Learned Vacuum of Space   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... We Did This Before - The Lunar Receiving Laboratory (1969-1972)   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The six Apollo missions to the lunar surface, between 1969 and 1972, returned 2,196 individual rock, soil and core samples, with a total mass of 381.69 kg. The astronauts selected samples, photographed the rocks and soils prior to collection, packaged them in uniquely identified containers, and transported them to the Lunar Module... Bed Rest is an Analog to Study the Physiological Changes of Spaceflight and to Evaluate Countermeasures   27 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The UTMB/NASA Flight Analog Research Unit is an inpatient unit with a bionutrition kitchen and unique testing areas for studying subjects subjected to 6 degree head-down complete bed rest for prolonged periods as an analog for zero gravity. Bed rest allows study of physiological changes and performance of functional tasks representative of critical interplanetary mission operations and measures of the efficacy of countermeasures designed to protect against the resulting deleterious effects. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Subjects are healthy adults 24-55 years old; 60 75 in tall; body mass index 18.5-30; and bone mineral density normal by DXA scan.... GOP Candidates Clash Over US Space Exploration Future   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The four remaining contenders discussed NASA and spaceflight last night in Florida. NASA to Discuss Discoveries of Material from Beyond Solar System on Tuesday   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The space agency is holding a press conference Tuesday (Jan. 31). NASA to Discuss Discoveries of Material from Beyond Solar System Today   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The space agency is holding a press conference Tuesday (Jan. 31). Navy's Robot Warplane Tests Its 'Brains' for Midair Refueling   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A Learjet tests the brains of the Navy's robotic warplane to see how the military drone could do autonomous aerial refueling. How the Apollo 1 Fire Changed Spaceship Design Forever   27 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The tragedy that killed three astronauts changed spacecraft design forever. First Vega rocket assembled on launch pad   27 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. ESA's new Vega rocket is now fully assembled on its launch pad. Final preparations are in full swing for the rocket's inaugural flight from Europe's Spaceport. The launch window opens on 9 February. Concordia - Voyage to the most isolated base on Earth   27 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Alexander Kumar, the next ESA-sponsored crewmember to stay in Concordia, has arrived safely at the research base in Antarctica. The voyage to one of the remotest places on Earth takes even longer than the voyage to the International Space Station. Texas Students to Speak Live With Space Station Crew   27 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Texas Students to Speak Live With Space Station Crew Cloud streets off of the Aleutian Islands   27 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day Strong winds polished the snow of southwestern Alaska and stretched marine stratocumulus clouds into long, parallel streets in early January, 2012. After crossing Bristol Bay, the winds scraped the clouds across the tall volcanic peaks of the Aleutian Islands. As the wind impacted the immobile mountains, the airflow became turbulent, swirling in symmetric eddies and carving intricate patterns into the clouds on the leeward side of the islands. At the top of this image, the bright white color indicates a thick layer of snow overlying the land of southwestern Alaska. The pristine white is broken by the rugged Ahklun Mountain Range in the east, which is partially covered by a bank of clouds. Off the coast of Alaska, sea ice floats in Bristol Bay, cracked and chipped by the flow of the waters which lie underneath. A few cloud streets – parallel lines of clouds – can be seen in the far northwest over land. The clouds increase over the sea ice and become thick over open water, where row upon row of clouds lie close in perfectly parallel formation. The Aleutian Islands stretch from northeast to southwest across the image. Sea ice, which is bright white here, lies on the windward side of the islands. A few of the tallest volcanic peaks can be seen rising from the icy islands. The character of the cloud streets change as they impact the Aleutians, especially near the center of the image, where two rows of beautifully symmetric swirls of eddies in the clouds stretch across the sky. These swirling formations are known as von Karman vortex streets. This true-color image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Terra satellite on January 11, 2012. Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/Jeff Schmaltz/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team Texas Students to Speak Live With Space Station Crew   27 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News Fifth- through eighth-grade students at Asa Low Intermediate School in Mansfield, Texas, will speak with NASA’s Expedition 30 Commander Dan Burbank and Flight Engineer Don Pettit aboard the International Space Station at 11:50 a.m. EST on Tuesday, Jan. 31. Astronaut Jerry Ross, First Seven-Time Flier, Retires   27 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News Jerry Ross, the first person to launch into space seven times, has retired from NASA. In a career that spanned more than three decades, Ross spent almost 1,400 hours in space and conducted nine spacewalks to rank third on the list of most extravehicular activity time in space. Remembering the Apollo 1 Fire (Infographic)   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com On Jan. 27, 1967, the crew of Apollo 1 was killed when fire engulfed their spacecraft during a ground test. The disaster stalled America's race to the moon for a year and a half. 26 Alien Planets Around 11 Different Stars   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Kepler space observatory discovered a wealth of planets around 11 distant stars. Bus-Size Asteroid to Give Earth Close Shave Friday   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Asteroid 2012 BX34 won't hit us, experts say. NASA Telescope Discovers 26 Alien Planets Around 11 Different Stars   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Kepler space observatory discovered a wealth of planets around 11 distant stars. Surprise Asteroid Fly-by! Earth's Un-Welcomed Neighbor's Orbit   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Recently discovered bus-sized asteroid 2012 BX34 will come closer to Earth than the Moon (36,750 miles away to be exact) on January 27th, 2012. See the orbit the space rock has and will take from January 10th to February 15th. Asteroid Threat to Earth Sparks Global 'NEOShield' Project   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Scientists from many nations are discussing how best to battle the asteroid menace. Satellite Snaps Brilliant Figure 8 Algae Bloom   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Photosynthesizing micro-organisms called phytoplankton created the figure 8 in the south Atlantic Ocean. New Clues Into Moon's Magnetic Mystery Revealed   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Researchers are still unclear about what might have powered this ancient lunar magnetic field. President Obama Honors NASA's Fallen Astronauts   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Day of Remembrance honors the lost crews of Apollo 1 and the space shuttles Challenger and Columbia. Moon or Asteroid? NASA's Next Giant Leap Depends on Who'll Be President   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The three chief contenders for the presidency have different ideas for America's space program. Cold Plasma Layer Detected High Above Earth   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Scientists had suspected ions existed, but have only now seen. Earth to Be Consumed By Red Giant Star (In 5B Years)   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com When a star runs out of gas, it swells up and all that lies in its path is destroyed - the inner planets don't stand a chance. Find out what happens to our Sun and others like it when it's in its death throes. Method of solution preparation of polyolefin class polymers for electrospinning processing included   26 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A process to make a polyolefin fiber which has the following steps: mixing at least one polyolefin into a solution at room temperature or a slightly elevated temperature to form a polymer solution and electrospinning at room temperature said polymer solution to form a fiber.... New Star Discoveries Found in Antique Telescope Plates   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com New types of variable stars were discovered from old photographic plates. NASA Honors Fallen Astronauts in Solemn Ceremony   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's Day of Remembrance marks the anniversaries of three space tragedies. Huge Asteroid Vesta May Be Packed With Water Ice   26 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Half of the space rock may have subsurface ice. NASA Awards Safety And Mission Assurance Contract Extension   26 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA has exercised two six-month options to the agency's Safety and Mission Assurance Support Services Contract with Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC) of San Diego for the Johnson Space Center in Houston. The options are worth $32.9 million. NASA's Kepler Announces 11 Planetary Systems Hosting 26 Planets   26 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Kepler mission has discovered 11 new planetary systems hosting 26 confirmed planets. These discoveries nearly double the number of verified planets and triple the number of stars known to have more than one planet that transits, or passes in front of, the star. NASA Deputy Administrator Visits Aurora Flight Sciences Highlights Importance Of Technology In An American Economy Built To Last   26 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver will visit Aurora Flight Sciences in Manassas, Va., on Jan. 27 to highlight how government can partner with small business to help create the jobs of the future through investment in science and technology. NASA Hosts Briefing on New Observations of Interstellar Matter   26 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA will host a Science Update at 1 p.m. EST, Tuesday, Jan. 31, 2012, to discuss new analysis from NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft of material from outside our solar system and the interstellar boundary region that surrounds our home in space. Gingrich Space Plan Promises the Moon, Literally: Lunar Base by 2020   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com If elected, Gingrich pledges to have an American moon base running by his second term. Russia Launches Robot Cargo Ship to Space Station   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The Progress 46 cargo ship is hauling nearly 3 tons of supplies for the space station crew. Skywatching Guide: How to Observe the Bright Twin Stars Gemini   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Here's what you need to know to spot this celestial stunner. Contest Challenges Students to Control Space Station Robots   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A NASA contest challenged high school students to write the best code for floating robots on the space station to simulate asteroid mining. Will Sunscreen Protect You From the Solar Flares?   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com You should always wear sunscreen, but there's no need to wear more than normal during a solar flare. Blue Marble Earth   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A 'Blue Marble' image of the Earth taken from the VIIRS instrument aboard NASA's most recently launched Earth-observing satellite - Suomi NPP. Solar Storm Forecasts Improve as Sun's Fury Increases   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Sophisticated models help scientists predict the nature of solar storms that could affect Earth. Hello, Earth! New Satellite Sends Back 'Blue Marble' Image   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Planet Earth gets its portrait taken by NASA satellite. Hello, Earth! Satellite Snaps Amazing 'Blue Marble' Photo   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com NASA's newest Earth-observing satellite has sent back a stunning image of our home planet. Three Space Shuttle Veterans Chosen for Astronaut Hall of Fame   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com A spacewalker, a four-star general and an ex-astronaut chief will join the Hall of Fame this year. Apollo 1 Remembered - Report from the Archives   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Universal Newsreel report on the death of Apollo astronauts in a capsule training exercise on January 27th, 1967. Fire engulfed the sealed capsule taking the lives of Virgil 'Gus' Grissom, Edward H. White and Roger B. Chaffee. Ed Herlihy narrates. Lasers Mimic Exploding Stars to Explain Cosmic Magnetic Fields   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com How galaxies got magnetic fields is a perplexing mystery for astronomers. Failed Mars Probe Crashed Near South America Coast, Space Junk Experts Say   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The failed Mars probe Phobos-Grunt crashed to Earth on Jan. 15. Spectacular Northern Lights From Solar Storm Wow Skywatchers   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com The auroras amazed skywatchers in Sweden, Finland and elsewhere Tuesday night (Jan. 24). Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2): The OCO-2 Instrument Overview   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... A Survey of Ballistic Transfers to Low Lunar Orbit   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A simple strategy is identified to generate ballistic transfers between the Earth and Moon, i.e., transfers that perform two maneuvers: a trans-lunar injection maneuver to depart the Earth and a Lunar Orbit Insertion maneuver to insert into orbit at the Moon. This strategy is used to survey the performance of numerous transfers between varying Earth parking orbits and varying low lunar target orbits. The transfers surveyed include short 3-6 day direct transfers, longer 3-4 month low energy transfers, and variants that include Earth phasing orbits and/or lunar flybys.... Reengineering the Acquisition/Procurement Process: A Methodology for Requirements Collection   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper captures the systematic approach taken by JPL's Acquisition Reengineering Project team, the methodology used, challenges faced, and lessons learned. It provides pragmatic 'how-to' techniques and tools for collecting requirements and for identifying areas of improvement in an acquisition/procurement process or other core process of interest.... An Introduction to the Mars Atmospheric Trace Molecule Occultation Spectrometer (MATMOS)   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... Optical Navigation for the EPOXI Mission   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The Deep Impact spacecraft flew by comet Hartley 2 on November 4, 2010 as part of its extended mission called EPOXI. Successful navigation depended critically on the quality and timing of optical navigation data processing, since pictures of the comet provided the most precise comet-relative position of the spacecraft. This paper describes the planning, including the picture timing and pointing; the methods used to determine the center of the comet image in each picture; and the optical navigation results, which provided the necessary information to allow the cameras to accurately target the comet for science imaging at encounter.... Experimental Results of Rover-Based Coring and Caching   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Experimental results are presented for experiments performed using a prototype rover-based sample coring and caching system. The system consists of a rotary percussive coring tool on a five degree-of-freedom manipulator arm mounted on a FIDO-class rover and a sample caching subsystem mounted on the rover. Coring and caching experiments were performed in a laboratory setting and in a field test at Mono Lake, California.... Detector Systematics and Weak Lensing   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... Reliability of Sn/Pb and Lead-Free (SnAgCu) Solders of Surface Mounted Miniaturized Passive Components for Extreme Temperature (-185 C to +125 C) Space Missions   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: Surface mount electronic package test boards have been assembled using tin/lead (Sn/Pb) and lead-free (Pb-free or SnAgCu or SAC305) solders. The soldered surface mount packages include ball grid arrays (BGA), flat packs, various sizes of passive chip components, etc. They have been optically inspected after assembly and subsequently subjected to extreme temperature thermal cycling to assess their reliability or future deep space, long-term, extreme temperature environmental missions.... Independent Verification and Validation (IV and V) - Adding Mission Assurance to NASA Flight Software   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The NASA Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Facility objective is to identify potential defects in flight software using independent analysis techniques. This paper describes the tailored IV&V techniques that have been developed in support of critical interactions on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) project, scheduled to launch in November, 2011. The IV&V techniques for interface analysis use independently developed sequence diagrams of critical scenarios.... Modeling and Pattern Informatics of Remotely Sensed Crustal Deformation Data, Seismicity, and Geologic Observations for Improved Earthquake Forecasting   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2): Glint/Nadir Observation Strategy   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: No abstract available... The Celestial Reference Frame at X/Ka-band (8.4/32 GHz)   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: A celestial reference frame at X/Ka-band (8.4/32 GHz) has been constructed using fifty-one 24-hour sessions with the Deep Space Network. We report on observations which have detected 436 sources covering the full 24 hours of right ascension and declinations down to -45 deg. Comparison of this X/Ka-band frame to the S/X-band (2.3/8.4 GHz) ICRF2 shows wRMS agreement of 200 micro-arcsec in a cos delta and 290 micro-arcsec in delta.... Alignment Mirror Mechanisms for Space Use   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: The paper describes an optical Alignment Mirror Mechanism (AMM), and discusses its control scheme. The mirror's angular positioning accuracy requirement is +/- 0.2 arc-sec. This requires the mirror's linear positioning actuators to have a positioning accuracy of +/- 109 nm to enable the mirror to meet the angular tip/tilt accuracy requirement.... Methodologies for Improving Flight Project Information Capture, Storage, and Dissemination   25 Jan 2012 - New NASA STI Abstract: This paper will discuss the drawbacks and risks of the current documentation paradigm, how Document QuickStart improves on that process and ultimately how this stream-lined approach will reduce risk and costs to the next generation of Flight Projects at JPL... Powerful Solar Storm Sets Off Amazing Northern Lights Show   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Lights Over Lapland photographer Chad Blakley captured this amazing view of the aurora borealis in Sweden on January 24th, 2012. The January 23rd solar flare and ensuing coronal mass ejection are the 'lighting engineers' of this incredible display. Ancient Starbursting Galaxies Snapped By European Telescope   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Light that traveling for 10 billion years now gives astronomers a glimpse into the largest galaxies in the Universe. Found in the Fornax constellation, these galaxies (highlighted in red) burst on the cosmic scene with very rapid, intense star format Most Massive Galaxies Had Frenzied Star-Forming Pasts   25 Jan 2012 - SPACE.com Astronomers found a link between active starburst galaxies in the early universe to giant elliptical galaxies we see today. NASA's NuSTAR Ships to Vandenberg Ahead of March 14 Launch   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, shipped to Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., on Tuesday to be mated to its Pegasus launch vehicle. The observatory will detect X-rays from objects ranging from our sun to giant black holes billions of light-years away. NASA Renames Earth-Observing Mission in Honor of Satellite Pioneer   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News NASA has renamed its newest Earth-observing satellite in honor of the late Verner E. Suomi, a meteorologist at the University of Wisconsin who is recognized widely as 'the father of satellite meteorology.' Educators Selected to Fly on NASA's SOFIA Airborne Observatory   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News Twenty-six educators from the United States have been selected for research flights aboard SOFIA, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. As participants in the Airborne Astronomy Ambassadors program, the educators will partner with professional astronomers using SOFIA for scientific observations in 2012 and 2013. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel Releases Annual Report   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, or ASAP, has released its 2011 annual report. The ASAP holds quarterly fact-finding and public meetings and visits NASA facilities to directly observe the agency's operations and decision making. NASA's J-2X Engine Kicks Off 2012 With Powerpack Testing   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Breaking News A new series of tests on the engine that will help carry humans to deep space will begin next week at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in southern Mississippi. The tests on the J-2X engine bring NASA one step closer to the first human-rated liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen rocket engine to be developed in 40 years. The Wild Early Lives of Today's Most Massive Galaxies   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Using the APEX telescope, a team of astronomers has found the strongest link so far between the most powerful bursts of star formation in the early Universe, and the most massive galaxies found today. NASA Renames Earth-Observing Mission in Honor of Satellite Pioneer   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NASA has renamed its newest Earth-observing satellite in honor of the late Verner E. Suomi, a meteorologist at the University of Wisconsin who is recognized widely as 'the father of satellite meteorology.' First laser measurements of Europe's Galileo satellites made from Chile   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. The first laser ranging of Europe's new Galileo navigation satellites has been achieved from Concepcion in Chile. Laser contact with the satellites at an altitude of 23 230 km has provided distance measurements with subcentimetre accuracy. Vesta Likely Cold & Dark Enough for Ice   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Though generally thought to be quite dry, roughly half of the giant asteroid Vesta is expected to be so cold and to receive so little sunlight that water ice could have survived there for billions of years. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Wednesday, January 25, 2012   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Wednesday, January 25, 2012 Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 25 January 2012   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Joint USAF/NOAA Report of Solar and Geophysical Activity 25 January 2012 Blue Marble   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day A 'Blue Marble' image of the Earth taken from the VIIRS instrument aboard NASA's most recently launched Earth-observing satellite - Suomi NPP. This composite image uses a number of swaths of the Earth's surface taken on January 4, 2012. The NPP satellite was renamed 'Suomi NPP' on January 24, 2012 to honor the late Verner E. Suomi of the University of Wisconsin. Suomi NPP is NASA's next Earth-observing research satellite. It is the first of a new generation of satellites that will observe many facets of our changing Earth. Suomi NPP is carrying five instruments on board. The biggest and most important instrument is The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite or VIIRS. Image Credit: NASA/NOAA/GSFC/Suomi NPP/VIIRS/Norman Kuring World's most powerful X-ray laser creates 2-million-degree matter   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. World's most powerful X-ray laser creates 2-million-degree matter Educators Selected to Fly on NASA's SOFIA Airborne Observatory   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Educators Selected to Fly on NASA's SOFIA Airborne Observatory Opportunity's Eighth Anniversary View From 'Greeley Haven' (False Color)   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. This mosaic of images taken in mid-January 2012 shows the windswept vista northward from the location where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is spending its fifth Martian winter, an outcrop informally named 'Greeley Haven.' Opportunity's Eighth Anniversary View From 'Greeley Haven' (False Color)   25 Jan 2012 - NASA Image of the Day This mosaic of images taken in mid-January 2012 shows the windswept vista northward (left) to northeastward (right) from the location where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is spending its fifth Martian winter, an outcrop informally named 'Greeley Haven.' Opportunity's Panoramic Camera (Pancam) took the component images as part of full-circle view being assembled from Greeley Haven. The view includes sand ripples and other wind-sculpted features in the foreground and mid-field. The northern edge of the the 'Cape York' segment of the rim of Endeavour Crater forms an arc across the upper half of the scene. Opportunity landed on Mars on Jan. 25, 2004, Universal Time and EST (Jan. 24, PST). It has driven 21.4 miles (34.4 kilometers) as of its eighth anniversary on the planet. In late 2011, the rover team drove Opportunity up onto Greeley Haven to take advantage of the outcrop's sun-facing slope to boost output from the rover's dusty solar panels during the Martian winter. Research activities while at Greeley Haven include a radio-science investigation of the interior of Mars, inspections of mineral compositions and textures on the outcrop, and monitoring of wind-caused changes on scales from dunes to individual soil particles. The image combines exposures taken through Pancam filters centered on wavelengths of 753 nanometers (near infrared), 535 nanometers (green) and 432 nanometers (violet). The view is presented in false color to make some differences between materials easier to see. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/Arizona State Univ. ESA Director General praises UK space innovation during SSTL's Kepler Building unveiling   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. ESA Director General praises UK space innovation during SSTL's Kepler Building unveiling Spheres Final Robot competition in Zero-gravity   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. School teams from Europe and America have been commanding robots competing in the Spheres ZeroRobotics tournament in space. The arena: 400 km above Earth on the International Space Station. Greenhouse in space results and conclusions   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. During the MagISStra mission, ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli attempted to grow plants in space using a miniature greenhouse. Simultaneously, schoolchildren and the crew of Mars500 ran the same educational experiment to compare plant growth. Envelope for an Artificial Cell   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Envelope for an Artificial Cell Scientists create first atomic X-ray laser   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Scientists create first atomic X-ray laser Space debris experts confirm estimate for Phobos-Grunt reentry   25 Jan 2012 - SpaceRef Top Stories - Copyright 2011, SpaceRef Interactive Inc. Space debris experts confirm estimate for Phobos-Grunt reentry